Maternal Exam 1 , Maternal exam 1
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1. integumentary a Linea nigra: dark pigmentation line up the belly/from umbilicus to above
Changes in pregnancy
pubic area. Theorized to help baby find the nipples due to dark color.
Babies cannot see color for the first few weeks/months.
Chloasma (or melasma): hyperpigmentation of the skin, mainly the face
Striae gravidarum: stretch marks during pregnancy
2. Folic acid a. Pre-pregnancy: 400 mcg daily
b. During pregnancy: 600 mcg daily
c. Adequate folic acid prevents neural tube defects such as Spina Bifida
and
Hydrocephalus
d. High folate foods: leafy veggies, dried peas and beans, seeds, orange
juice, breads, cereals (fortified with folic acid)
3. . GTPAL Gravidity: number of pregnancies
Term: number of births woman has had 37 weeks and onward
Premature: number of births woman has had 20 weeks-36.6 weeks, alive
or stillbirth
Abortion: number of pregnancies ending in spontaneous (natural) or
therapeutic abortions before 20 weeks
Living: number of living children
4. Presumptive signs of i. fatigue, breast tenderness, amenorrhea at 4 weeks, N/V, urinary
pregnancy frequency, quickening (fluttering sensation in low abdomen, could
be gas),
, Maternal Exam 1 , Maternal exam 1
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hyperpigmentation (linea nigra, darkening of nipples and
vulva, facial chloasma (mask of pregnancy))
5. EDD/ Nag rule Let's say the first day of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) was
August 10, 2025.
Steps:
a. Start with first day of the last period:’August 10, 2025
b. Subtract 3 months:’May 10, 2025
c. Add 7 days:’May 17, 2025
d. Add one year (since August is not Jan/Feb/Mar):’May 17, 2026
6. Probable i.Positive pregnancy test, abdominal enlargement, braxton hicks,
ballottement (seeing fetal outline, push against fetus and it
rebounds/moves),
1. Goodell sign (softening of the external cervix)
2. Chadwick sign (bluish-purple coloration of vaginal mucosa)
3. Hegar sign (softening of external and internal cervix/isthmus)
7. Positive signs i. Ultrasound, fetal movement felt by clinician, auscultation of fetal
heartbeat with doppler (FHR 110-160)
8. Iron deficiency anemia a. Signs and symptoms: fatigue/weakness, exertional dyspnea,
headache,pica
b. Treatment: 60-120 mg/day, eat iron rich foods
9. Iron recommenda- a. Daily recommended intake (DRI) of 27 mg/day during pregnancy
tions and sources b. Take with Vitamin C as it increases absorption of Iron
c. Do not take with milk or caffeine
d. Food sources: beef liver, red meats, fish, poultry, dried peas and beans,
fortified cereals and breads
10. Pica a. Cravings of non food substances, can happen during pregnancy due to
anemia or other deficiencies
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1. integumentary a Linea nigra: dark pigmentation line up the belly/from umbilicus to above
Changes in pregnancy
pubic area. Theorized to help baby find the nipples due to dark color.
Babies cannot see color for the first few weeks/months.
Chloasma (or melasma): hyperpigmentation of the skin, mainly the face
Striae gravidarum: stretch marks during pregnancy
2. Folic acid a. Pre-pregnancy: 400 mcg daily
b. During pregnancy: 600 mcg daily
c. Adequate folic acid prevents neural tube defects such as Spina Bifida
and
Hydrocephalus
d. High folate foods: leafy veggies, dried peas and beans, seeds, orange
juice, breads, cereals (fortified with folic acid)
3. . GTPAL Gravidity: number of pregnancies
Term: number of births woman has had 37 weeks and onward
Premature: number of births woman has had 20 weeks-36.6 weeks, alive
or stillbirth
Abortion: number of pregnancies ending in spontaneous (natural) or
therapeutic abortions before 20 weeks
Living: number of living children
4. Presumptive signs of i. fatigue, breast tenderness, amenorrhea at 4 weeks, N/V, urinary
pregnancy frequency, quickening (fluttering sensation in low abdomen, could
be gas),
, Maternal Exam 1 , Maternal exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hihcpp
hyperpigmentation (linea nigra, darkening of nipples and
vulva, facial chloasma (mask of pregnancy))
5. EDD/ Nag rule Let's say the first day of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) was
August 10, 2025.
Steps:
a. Start with first day of the last period:’August 10, 2025
b. Subtract 3 months:’May 10, 2025
c. Add 7 days:’May 17, 2025
d. Add one year (since August is not Jan/Feb/Mar):’May 17, 2026
6. Probable i.Positive pregnancy test, abdominal enlargement, braxton hicks,
ballottement (seeing fetal outline, push against fetus and it
rebounds/moves),
1. Goodell sign (softening of the external cervix)
2. Chadwick sign (bluish-purple coloration of vaginal mucosa)
3. Hegar sign (softening of external and internal cervix/isthmus)
7. Positive signs i. Ultrasound, fetal movement felt by clinician, auscultation of fetal
heartbeat with doppler (FHR 110-160)
8. Iron deficiency anemia a. Signs and symptoms: fatigue/weakness, exertional dyspnea,
headache,pica
b. Treatment: 60-120 mg/day, eat iron rich foods
9. Iron recommenda- a. Daily recommended intake (DRI) of 27 mg/day during pregnancy
tions and sources b. Take with Vitamin C as it increases absorption of Iron
c. Do not take with milk or caffeine
d. Food sources: beef liver, red meats, fish, poultry, dried peas and beans,
fortified cereals and breads
10. Pica a. Cravings of non food substances, can happen during pregnancy due to
anemia or other deficiencies
