NR 507 NP
FINAL EXAM
Verified Questions & Answers With Rationales
Advanced Pathophysiology
Chamberlain
CONSINST OF 100+ QUESTIONS
WEEKS 5 – 8 COVERED
,1. Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection?
A. It occurs only in healthy non-pregnant women.
B. It can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder.
C. It never extends beyond the bladder.
D. It always responds to a short course of antibiotics.
Correct Answer:
B. It can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder.
Expert Rationale:
A complicated UTI is associated with structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities,
urinary obstruction, catheter use, pregnancy, diabetes, renal calculi, or extension
beyond the bladder.
2. Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)?
A. Pregnancy
B. High fluid intake
C. Long urethral length
D. Absence of sexual activity
Correct Answer:
A. Pregnancy
Expert Rationale:
Pregnancy increases UTI risk because hormonal and mechanical changes can promote
urinary stasis and bacterial growth.
3. A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
A. Flank pain
B. Costovertebral angle tenderness
C. Urgency
D. Shaking chills
Correct Answer:
C. Urgency
Expert Rationale:
Lower UTIs commonly cause dysuria, urgency, frequency, and suprapubic discomfort.
Flank pain, fever, and chills suggest upper tract involvement.
4. Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a
shorter urethra.
A. True
B. False
,Correct Answer:
A. True
Expert Rationale:
A shorter female urethra allows bacteria to ascend more easily from the perineal area
into the bladder.
5. Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
A. Decrease water consumption
B. Increase water consumption
C. Hold urine for long periods
D. Use hygiene sprays routinely
Correct Answer:
B. Increase water consumption
Expert Rationale:
Adequate hydration promotes urine flow, which helps flush bacteria from the urinary
tract and reduces urinary stasis.
6. Risk factors for a UTI
A. Pregnancy
B. Sexually active
C. Post-menopause
D. Estrogen-deficiency
E. Women with shorter urethra
F. Catheterization
G. High daily water intake
Correct Answer:
A, B, C, D, E, and F.
Expert Rationale:
UTI risk increases with pregnancy, sexual activity, estrogen deficiency after menopause,
female anatomy, and catheterization. High water intake is generally protective rather
than a risk factor.
7. An upper UTI is less common in men due to the longer urethra and ureter
structures that make it more difficult for bacteria to reach the kidney.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer:
A. True
Expert Rationale:
, Male urinary anatomy provides a longer route for ascending bacteria, making upper UTI
less common compared with women.
8. Complicated UTI
Correct Answer:
A UTI that extends beyond the bladder. It may be caused by structural or functional
urinary tract abnormalities or an untreated UTI. Infants and older adults can be affected.
It is associated with indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, and pregnancy.
9. Uncomplicated UTI
Correct Answer:
Occurs in the normal urinary tract, responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy,
and includes simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without urologic abnormalities.
10. Most common cause of UTI bacteria
A. Escherichia coli
B. Proteus mirabilis
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Candida albicans
Correct Answer:
A. Escherichia coli
Expert Rationale:
E. coli is the most common cause of community-acquired urinary tract infection because
it commonly colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and can ascend into the urinary tract.
11. Uncomplicated UTI
A. Protein +/-; leukocyte esterase positive; nitrites +/-; RBCs +/-; WBCs +/- > 5000/hpf;
casts none
B. Protein negative; leukocyte esterase negative; nitrites negative; casts positive
C. WBCs > 100,000/hpf with casts always present
D. RBCs absent and WBCs absent
Correct Answer:
A. Protein +/-; leukocyte esterase positive; nitrites +/-; RBCs +/-; WBCs +/- > 5000/hpf;
casts none.
Expert Rationale:
An uncomplicated lower UTI usually shows inflammatory urine findings without casts.
Casts suggest upper tract or renal involvement.
12. Complicated UTI
A. Protein +/-; leukocyte esterase positive; nitrites +/-; RBCs positive; WBCs +/- >
100,000/hpf; casts positive
FINAL EXAM
Verified Questions & Answers With Rationales
Advanced Pathophysiology
Chamberlain
CONSINST OF 100+ QUESTIONS
WEEKS 5 – 8 COVERED
,1. Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection?
A. It occurs only in healthy non-pregnant women.
B. It can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder.
C. It never extends beyond the bladder.
D. It always responds to a short course of antibiotics.
Correct Answer:
B. It can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder.
Expert Rationale:
A complicated UTI is associated with structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities,
urinary obstruction, catheter use, pregnancy, diabetes, renal calculi, or extension
beyond the bladder.
2. Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)?
A. Pregnancy
B. High fluid intake
C. Long urethral length
D. Absence of sexual activity
Correct Answer:
A. Pregnancy
Expert Rationale:
Pregnancy increases UTI risk because hormonal and mechanical changes can promote
urinary stasis and bacterial growth.
3. A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
A. Flank pain
B. Costovertebral angle tenderness
C. Urgency
D. Shaking chills
Correct Answer:
C. Urgency
Expert Rationale:
Lower UTIs commonly cause dysuria, urgency, frequency, and suprapubic discomfort.
Flank pain, fever, and chills suggest upper tract involvement.
4. Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a
shorter urethra.
A. True
B. False
,Correct Answer:
A. True
Expert Rationale:
A shorter female urethra allows bacteria to ascend more easily from the perineal area
into the bladder.
5. Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
A. Decrease water consumption
B. Increase water consumption
C. Hold urine for long periods
D. Use hygiene sprays routinely
Correct Answer:
B. Increase water consumption
Expert Rationale:
Adequate hydration promotes urine flow, which helps flush bacteria from the urinary
tract and reduces urinary stasis.
6. Risk factors for a UTI
A. Pregnancy
B. Sexually active
C. Post-menopause
D. Estrogen-deficiency
E. Women with shorter urethra
F. Catheterization
G. High daily water intake
Correct Answer:
A, B, C, D, E, and F.
Expert Rationale:
UTI risk increases with pregnancy, sexual activity, estrogen deficiency after menopause,
female anatomy, and catheterization. High water intake is generally protective rather
than a risk factor.
7. An upper UTI is less common in men due to the longer urethra and ureter
structures that make it more difficult for bacteria to reach the kidney.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer:
A. True
Expert Rationale:
, Male urinary anatomy provides a longer route for ascending bacteria, making upper UTI
less common compared with women.
8. Complicated UTI
Correct Answer:
A UTI that extends beyond the bladder. It may be caused by structural or functional
urinary tract abnormalities or an untreated UTI. Infants and older adults can be affected.
It is associated with indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, and pregnancy.
9. Uncomplicated UTI
Correct Answer:
Occurs in the normal urinary tract, responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy,
and includes simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without urologic abnormalities.
10. Most common cause of UTI bacteria
A. Escherichia coli
B. Proteus mirabilis
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Candida albicans
Correct Answer:
A. Escherichia coli
Expert Rationale:
E. coli is the most common cause of community-acquired urinary tract infection because
it commonly colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and can ascend into the urinary tract.
11. Uncomplicated UTI
A. Protein +/-; leukocyte esterase positive; nitrites +/-; RBCs +/-; WBCs +/- > 5000/hpf;
casts none
B. Protein negative; leukocyte esterase negative; nitrites negative; casts positive
C. WBCs > 100,000/hpf with casts always present
D. RBCs absent and WBCs absent
Correct Answer:
A. Protein +/-; leukocyte esterase positive; nitrites +/-; RBCs +/-; WBCs +/- > 5000/hpf;
casts none.
Expert Rationale:
An uncomplicated lower UTI usually shows inflammatory urine findings without casts.
Casts suggest upper tract or renal involvement.
12. Complicated UTI
A. Protein +/-; leukocyte esterase positive; nitrites +/-; RBCs positive; WBCs +/- >
100,000/hpf; casts positive
