BIO 111 Exam Revision Set Questions and Answers
| 2026 Update | 100% Correct.
biology in greek
study of life
photosynthesis
6 carbon dioxide + 6 water --> sugar + 6 oxygen
what is natural science and which fields does it include?
the field of science that is related to the physical world and its phenomena and processes
2 fields of natural science
physical and life science
what falls under physical science
astronomy, chemistry, physics
what falls under life science
biology
what is the difference between basic and applied science and where do they "meet"?
basic "pure" science - science done to simply gain knowledge, no product or service going on,
knowledge for the sake of knowledge
applied science (tech) - science applied to real world problems, problem is defined by each
researcher
,both together = things like the genome project and things such as chemistry and biology come
from this
examples of basic science
mendel's pea plant research, a scientist studying the bone structure of a bird
examples of applied science
genome sequencing, a scientist studies the effectiveness of the covid vaccine so that it can be
widely administered
what is inductive reasoning/discovery science
describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation
and analysis of data
how does inductive reasoning/discovery science work
scientist derive generalizations based on a large number of specific observations
examples of inductive reasoning/discovery science
all known living organisms are made from cells, so all living organisms are made of cells - the
cell theory, however cannot be proven true
ex: A scientist observes the effects of turning off lights during a PHYS 201 lecture
order from least to the most specific process by sherlock for inductive reasoning
,observation -> pattern -> hypothesis -> theory
ex: An ostrich is a type of bird → An ostrich cannot fly → All birds cannot fly*
what is deductive reasoning/hypothesis-based science
inquiry that asks specific questions and tests a hypothesis: a tentative answer to a well-framed
question or observations; an explanation on trial
how does deductive reasoning/hypothesis-based science work
a hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable, can NOT be proven, only supported or refuted
examples of deductive reasoning/hypothesis-based science
logic flows from the general to the specific, if a hypothesis can be supported, then we can expect
a particular outcome
ex: A scientist sets up an experiment to test if adding coffee grounds to soil helps with plant
growth
order from most to least specific process by aristotle for deductive reasoning
theory -> hypothesis -> observation -> confirmation
ex - All birds can fly → An ostrich is a type of bird → An ostrich can fly*
what are the general steps of the scientific method and what goes on at those steps
1. make observations
2. develop hypothesis
3. design experiment
, 4. collect data
5. analyze data; do my results confirm my hypothesis?
6. refine and repeat experiment
7. communicate results
null hypothesis
the independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable, nothing will happen
what can you do with a hypothesis
disprove or support it
why is communication so important for scientists?
they must share their results to figure out what hypothesis are being supported more often and
what theory results they are yielding
what are variables and why are they so important?
experiments must be designed to test the effect of one variable
what is an example of a variable?
fixing a broken flashlight by testing what variable is making it broke
what is an independent variable
what is changing?
examples of an independent variable
time, density, temperature
| 2026 Update | 100% Correct.
biology in greek
study of life
photosynthesis
6 carbon dioxide + 6 water --> sugar + 6 oxygen
what is natural science and which fields does it include?
the field of science that is related to the physical world and its phenomena and processes
2 fields of natural science
physical and life science
what falls under physical science
astronomy, chemistry, physics
what falls under life science
biology
what is the difference between basic and applied science and where do they "meet"?
basic "pure" science - science done to simply gain knowledge, no product or service going on,
knowledge for the sake of knowledge
applied science (tech) - science applied to real world problems, problem is defined by each
researcher
,both together = things like the genome project and things such as chemistry and biology come
from this
examples of basic science
mendel's pea plant research, a scientist studying the bone structure of a bird
examples of applied science
genome sequencing, a scientist studies the effectiveness of the covid vaccine so that it can be
widely administered
what is inductive reasoning/discovery science
describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation
and analysis of data
how does inductive reasoning/discovery science work
scientist derive generalizations based on a large number of specific observations
examples of inductive reasoning/discovery science
all known living organisms are made from cells, so all living organisms are made of cells - the
cell theory, however cannot be proven true
ex: A scientist observes the effects of turning off lights during a PHYS 201 lecture
order from least to the most specific process by sherlock for inductive reasoning
,observation -> pattern -> hypothesis -> theory
ex: An ostrich is a type of bird → An ostrich cannot fly → All birds cannot fly*
what is deductive reasoning/hypothesis-based science
inquiry that asks specific questions and tests a hypothesis: a tentative answer to a well-framed
question or observations; an explanation on trial
how does deductive reasoning/hypothesis-based science work
a hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable, can NOT be proven, only supported or refuted
examples of deductive reasoning/hypothesis-based science
logic flows from the general to the specific, if a hypothesis can be supported, then we can expect
a particular outcome
ex: A scientist sets up an experiment to test if adding coffee grounds to soil helps with plant
growth
order from most to least specific process by aristotle for deductive reasoning
theory -> hypothesis -> observation -> confirmation
ex - All birds can fly → An ostrich is a type of bird → An ostrich can fly*
what are the general steps of the scientific method and what goes on at those steps
1. make observations
2. develop hypothesis
3. design experiment
, 4. collect data
5. analyze data; do my results confirm my hypothesis?
6. refine and repeat experiment
7. communicate results
null hypothesis
the independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable, nothing will happen
what can you do with a hypothesis
disprove or support it
why is communication so important for scientists?
they must share their results to figure out what hypothesis are being supported more often and
what theory results they are yielding
what are variables and why are they so important?
experiments must be designed to test the effect of one variable
what is an example of a variable?
fixing a broken flashlight by testing what variable is making it broke
what is an independent variable
what is changing?
examples of an independent variable
time, density, temperature
