ULTIMATE PPR LATEST EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔discovery learning - ✔✔A constructivist approach. A teaching strategy that allows
students to learn by their own active exploration of a concep. Students begin learning
with an activity designed to lead them to particular concepts or conclusions. Students
acquire basic and advanced knowledge in random order. (Bruner's approach)
✔✔disequilibration - ✔✔In Piaget's theory, the "out of balance" state that occurs when a
person realizes that his or her current ways of thinking are not working to solve a
problem or understand a situation. New knowledge has be to integrated with the old
knoweldge to restore balance.
✔✔divergent thinker - ✔✔An open ended type of thinking that extends in different
directions and considers multiple answers to a question. An instructional activity or
question that taps into divergent thinking is one that is likely to result in the widest
variety of student answers, responses or products.
✔✔due process - ✔✔A judicial requirement that enacted laws may not contain
provisions that result in the unfair, arbitrary, or unreasonable treatment of an individual.
, ✔✔equilibration - ✔✔Piaget's term for the tendency to seek a stable balance among
cognitive elements; achieved through a balance between assimilation and
accommodation.
✔✔Erik Erickson - ✔✔A neo-Freudian psychologist that hypothesized that people f pass
through 8 social development stages from infancy to old age. Each challenge has an
outcome that affects a person's social and personality development.
1. Infancy: Birth to 18 Months Ego Development Outcome: Trust vs. Mistrust Basic
strength: Drive and Hope
2. Early Childhood: 18 Months to 3 Years Ego Development Outcome: Autonomy vs.
Shame Basic Strengths: Self-control, Courage, and Will
3. Play Age: 3 to 5 Years Ego Development Outcome: Initiative vs. Guilt Basic Strength:
Purpose
4. School Age: 6 to 12 Years Ego Development Outcome: Industry vs. Inferiority Basic
Strengths: Method and Competence
5. Adolescence: 12 to 18 Years Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Basic Strengths: Devotion and Fidelity
6. Young Adulthood: 18 to 35 Ego Development Outcome: Intimacy and Solidarity vs.
Isolation Basic Strengths: Affiliation and Love
7. Middle Adulthood: 35 to 55 or 65 Ego Development Outcome: Generativity vs. Self
absorption or Stagnation Basic Strengths: Production and Care
8. Late Adulthood: 55 or 65 to Death Ego Development Outcome: Integrity vs. Despair
Basic Strengths: Wisdom
✔✔ethnic group - ✔✔A group of people of the same race or nationality who share a
distinctive culture.
✔✔extinction - ✔✔A conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a
conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus. In other words,
the behavior remains even after the reinforcer that originally encouraged the behavior
has been stopped or removed.
✔✔field independent learners - ✔✔Students who are not as dependent on the teacher,
other students and the learning environment.
✔✔field dependent learners - ✔✔Students who learn best with teacher and peer
interaction and who rely heavily on the learning environment.
✔✔fixed interval schedule - ✔✔In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that
reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed.
✔✔fixed ratio schedule - ✔✔Schedule of reinforcement in which a specific number of
correct responses is required before reinforcement can be obtained.
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔discovery learning - ✔✔A constructivist approach. A teaching strategy that allows
students to learn by their own active exploration of a concep. Students begin learning
with an activity designed to lead them to particular concepts or conclusions. Students
acquire basic and advanced knowledge in random order. (Bruner's approach)
✔✔disequilibration - ✔✔In Piaget's theory, the "out of balance" state that occurs when a
person realizes that his or her current ways of thinking are not working to solve a
problem or understand a situation. New knowledge has be to integrated with the old
knoweldge to restore balance.
✔✔divergent thinker - ✔✔An open ended type of thinking that extends in different
directions and considers multiple answers to a question. An instructional activity or
question that taps into divergent thinking is one that is likely to result in the widest
variety of student answers, responses or products.
✔✔due process - ✔✔A judicial requirement that enacted laws may not contain
provisions that result in the unfair, arbitrary, or unreasonable treatment of an individual.
, ✔✔equilibration - ✔✔Piaget's term for the tendency to seek a stable balance among
cognitive elements; achieved through a balance between assimilation and
accommodation.
✔✔Erik Erickson - ✔✔A neo-Freudian psychologist that hypothesized that people f pass
through 8 social development stages from infancy to old age. Each challenge has an
outcome that affects a person's social and personality development.
1. Infancy: Birth to 18 Months Ego Development Outcome: Trust vs. Mistrust Basic
strength: Drive and Hope
2. Early Childhood: 18 Months to 3 Years Ego Development Outcome: Autonomy vs.
Shame Basic Strengths: Self-control, Courage, and Will
3. Play Age: 3 to 5 Years Ego Development Outcome: Initiative vs. Guilt Basic Strength:
Purpose
4. School Age: 6 to 12 Years Ego Development Outcome: Industry vs. Inferiority Basic
Strengths: Method and Competence
5. Adolescence: 12 to 18 Years Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Basic Strengths: Devotion and Fidelity
6. Young Adulthood: 18 to 35 Ego Development Outcome: Intimacy and Solidarity vs.
Isolation Basic Strengths: Affiliation and Love
7. Middle Adulthood: 35 to 55 or 65 Ego Development Outcome: Generativity vs. Self
absorption or Stagnation Basic Strengths: Production and Care
8. Late Adulthood: 55 or 65 to Death Ego Development Outcome: Integrity vs. Despair
Basic Strengths: Wisdom
✔✔ethnic group - ✔✔A group of people of the same race or nationality who share a
distinctive culture.
✔✔extinction - ✔✔A conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a
conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus. In other words,
the behavior remains even after the reinforcer that originally encouraged the behavior
has been stopped or removed.
✔✔field independent learners - ✔✔Students who are not as dependent on the teacher,
other students and the learning environment.
✔✔field dependent learners - ✔✔Students who learn best with teacher and peer
interaction and who rely heavily on the learning environment.
✔✔fixed interval schedule - ✔✔In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that
reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed.
✔✔fixed ratio schedule - ✔✔Schedule of reinforcement in which a specific number of
correct responses is required before reinforcement can be obtained.
