EDF6225 CORRECT FINAL EXAMS QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔permanent product - ✔✔measuring bx after it has occurred by measuring its effects
on the environment is known as measurement by ________
✔✔reliable, valid, accurate - ✔✔to be useful in science, measurement must be
✔✔valid - ✔✔bx measurement is _____ when the target bx was measured directly, the
dimension of the target bx was relevant to the context of the bx, and the data collected
were representative of the bx under conditions and during times that were most relevant
✔✔accurate - ✔✔bx measurement is _______ when observed values, the date
produced by measuring an event math the true state or values of the event
✔✔reliable - ✔✔bx measurement is _____ when it yields the same values across
repeated measurement of the same event
✔✔observer drift - ✔✔- Any unintended change in the way an observer uses a
measurement system over the course of an investigation that results in measurement
error
- can be minimized by constant feedback and monitoring
,✔✔validity ; reliability - ✔✔if everyone reports the same measurement, but the
measurement instrument is broken, we can say that the measurement procedure lacks
______ , but demonstrated ______
✔✔value-altering ; bx-altering - ✔✔A motivating operation alters the effectiveness of
some stimulus as a reinforcer, which is known as the ___________________________
effect and alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that
stimulus, which is known as the ___________________________ effect.
✔✔frequency - ✔✔In addition to___________________________, other aspects of
behavior such as response magnitude, latency, and relative frequency can be altered by
an MO.
✔✔value-altering - ✔✔The ___________________________ is either an increase in
the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus (EO) or a decrease in reinforcing
effectiveness (AO).
✔✔unconditioned motivating operations (UMOs) - ✔✔"Certain events acquire their
value- and behavior-altering effects as a result of the person's evolutionary history"
(Langthorne & McGill, 2009, p. 24). This is what we call
___________________________.
✔✔history ; paired - ✔✔Just as in unconditioned reinforcers, UMOs do not require a
learning ___________________________ to be established. On the other hand,
Conditioned Motivating Operations (CMOs) are value- and behavior-altering events that
are a result of the person's learning history. Just like conditioned reinforcers, they
acquire their status by being___________________________ with their unconditioned
(or another previously paired conditioned) counterpart.
✔✔increase ; frequency - ✔✔When food deprivation is an establishing operation, the
value-altering effect is an ___________________________ in the reinforcing
effectiveness of food. The behavior- altering effect is an increase in the current
___________________________ of all behavior that has been reinforced by food.
✔✔availability - ✔✔A discriminative stimulus controls a type of behavior because it has
been related to the differential ___________________________ of a reinforcer for that
type of behavior.
✔✔increases - ✔✔When the environmental event is "becoming too warm", it
___________________________ the current frequency of all behavior that has been
reinforced by becoming cooler.
✔✔value-altering ; bx-altering - ✔✔In the establishing operation, the
___________________________ is an increase in the current effectiveness of some
, stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement. The ___________________________ is a
increase in the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that
stimulus, object, or event.
✔✔discriminative stimulus ; motivation operations -
✔✔___________________________ are related to the differential availability of a
currently effective form of reinforcement for a particular type of behavior;
___________________________ are related to the differential reinforcing effectiveness
of a particular type of environmental event.
✔✔conditioned motivating operations (CMOs) - ✔✔Motivating variables that alter the
reinforcing effectiveness of other stimuli, objects, or events, but only as a result of the
organism's learning history, are called ___________________________.
✔✔surrogate - ✔✔___________________________ CMO is a stimulus that acquires
its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO, and has the same value-altering
and behavior-altering effects as the MO with which it was paired.
✔✔reflexive - ✔✔___________________________ CMO is a stimulus that acquires
MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening or improvement.
✔✔transitive - ✔✔An environmental variable that establishes (or abolishes) the
reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that
has been reinforced by that other stimulus is a ___________________________ CMO.
✔✔availability - ✔✔An SD controls a type of behavior because it has been related to the
differential ___________________________ of an effective reinforcer for that type of
behavior.
✔✔value-altering - ✔✔___________________________ is either an increase in the
reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus (EO) or a decrease in reinforcing
effectiveness (AO).
✔✔decrease ; frequency - ✔✔In the abolishing operation, the value-altering effect is a
___________________________ in the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object,
or event as reinforcement. The behavior-altering effect is a decrease in the current
___________________________ of all behavior that has been reinforced by that
stimulus, object, or event.
✔✔Establishing operation -> discriminative stimulus -> response -> reinforcing stimulus
- ✔✔The temporal order of the 4-term contingency of positive reinforcement consists of:
✔✔Automatic reinforcement - ✔✔involves the reinforcement occurring independent of
another person delivering it
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔permanent product - ✔✔measuring bx after it has occurred by measuring its effects
on the environment is known as measurement by ________
✔✔reliable, valid, accurate - ✔✔to be useful in science, measurement must be
✔✔valid - ✔✔bx measurement is _____ when the target bx was measured directly, the
dimension of the target bx was relevant to the context of the bx, and the data collected
were representative of the bx under conditions and during times that were most relevant
✔✔accurate - ✔✔bx measurement is _______ when observed values, the date
produced by measuring an event math the true state or values of the event
✔✔reliable - ✔✔bx measurement is _____ when it yields the same values across
repeated measurement of the same event
✔✔observer drift - ✔✔- Any unintended change in the way an observer uses a
measurement system over the course of an investigation that results in measurement
error
- can be minimized by constant feedback and monitoring
,✔✔validity ; reliability - ✔✔if everyone reports the same measurement, but the
measurement instrument is broken, we can say that the measurement procedure lacks
______ , but demonstrated ______
✔✔value-altering ; bx-altering - ✔✔A motivating operation alters the effectiveness of
some stimulus as a reinforcer, which is known as the ___________________________
effect and alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that
stimulus, which is known as the ___________________________ effect.
✔✔frequency - ✔✔In addition to___________________________, other aspects of
behavior such as response magnitude, latency, and relative frequency can be altered by
an MO.
✔✔value-altering - ✔✔The ___________________________ is either an increase in
the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus (EO) or a decrease in reinforcing
effectiveness (AO).
✔✔unconditioned motivating operations (UMOs) - ✔✔"Certain events acquire their
value- and behavior-altering effects as a result of the person's evolutionary history"
(Langthorne & McGill, 2009, p. 24). This is what we call
___________________________.
✔✔history ; paired - ✔✔Just as in unconditioned reinforcers, UMOs do not require a
learning ___________________________ to be established. On the other hand,
Conditioned Motivating Operations (CMOs) are value- and behavior-altering events that
are a result of the person's learning history. Just like conditioned reinforcers, they
acquire their status by being___________________________ with their unconditioned
(or another previously paired conditioned) counterpart.
✔✔increase ; frequency - ✔✔When food deprivation is an establishing operation, the
value-altering effect is an ___________________________ in the reinforcing
effectiveness of food. The behavior- altering effect is an increase in the current
___________________________ of all behavior that has been reinforced by food.
✔✔availability - ✔✔A discriminative stimulus controls a type of behavior because it has
been related to the differential ___________________________ of a reinforcer for that
type of behavior.
✔✔increases - ✔✔When the environmental event is "becoming too warm", it
___________________________ the current frequency of all behavior that has been
reinforced by becoming cooler.
✔✔value-altering ; bx-altering - ✔✔In the establishing operation, the
___________________________ is an increase in the current effectiveness of some
, stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement. The ___________________________ is a
increase in the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that
stimulus, object, or event.
✔✔discriminative stimulus ; motivation operations -
✔✔___________________________ are related to the differential availability of a
currently effective form of reinforcement for a particular type of behavior;
___________________________ are related to the differential reinforcing effectiveness
of a particular type of environmental event.
✔✔conditioned motivating operations (CMOs) - ✔✔Motivating variables that alter the
reinforcing effectiveness of other stimuli, objects, or events, but only as a result of the
organism's learning history, are called ___________________________.
✔✔surrogate - ✔✔___________________________ CMO is a stimulus that acquires
its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO, and has the same value-altering
and behavior-altering effects as the MO with which it was paired.
✔✔reflexive - ✔✔___________________________ CMO is a stimulus that acquires
MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening or improvement.
✔✔transitive - ✔✔An environmental variable that establishes (or abolishes) the
reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that
has been reinforced by that other stimulus is a ___________________________ CMO.
✔✔availability - ✔✔An SD controls a type of behavior because it has been related to the
differential ___________________________ of an effective reinforcer for that type of
behavior.
✔✔value-altering - ✔✔___________________________ is either an increase in the
reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus (EO) or a decrease in reinforcing
effectiveness (AO).
✔✔decrease ; frequency - ✔✔In the abolishing operation, the value-altering effect is a
___________________________ in the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object,
or event as reinforcement. The behavior-altering effect is a decrease in the current
___________________________ of all behavior that has been reinforced by that
stimulus, object, or event.
✔✔Establishing operation -> discriminative stimulus -> response -> reinforcing stimulus
- ✔✔The temporal order of the 4-term contingency of positive reinforcement consists of:
✔✔Automatic reinforcement - ✔✔involves the reinforcement occurring independent of
another person delivering it
