EDF6225 LATEST EXAMS REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔punishment - ✔✔punishment is defined neither by the actions of the person
delivering the consequences not by the nature of those consequences. A decrease in
the future frequency of occurrence of the behavior much be observed before
consequent-based intervention qualifies as __________
✔✔negative punishment - ✔✔the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a
behavior's recurring
✔✔positive punishment - ✔✔the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability
of a behavior's recurring
✔✔aversive control - ✔✔- associated with both positive punishment and negative
reinforcement
- used to describe interventions involving either or both of these contingencies
✔✔conditioned punisher - ✔✔acquired its punishing properties capabilities by being
paired with unconditioned or conditioned punishers
,✔✔punisher - ✔✔a stimulus change that immediately follows the occurrence of a
behavior and reduces the future frequency of that type of behavior
✔✔reward ; escape - ✔✔Dr. Murry Sidman summarized many times that we consider
virtue to be its own ________ . He also indicated that it is a myth to believe that
punishment does not teach anything because it effectively teaches avoidance and
__________ .
✔✔positive reinforcement - ✔✔punishment much be paired with ________
✔✔decrease - ✔✔- the power of punishment techniques is that they can rapidly
________ and individual's rate of problem behaviors
- merely suppressing unacceptable behaviors is not enough: the individual should also
be taught appropriate and functional behaviors
✔✔removal - ✔✔negative punishment has occurred when the frequency of responding
has been decreed by the _________ of a stimulus immediately following a behavior
✔✔response blocking ; negative - ✔✔_______________ is when a person or device
blocks a response to prevent it from completing, would be considered _________
punishment
✔✔time out ; negative - ✔✔________ is defined as withdrawal of the opportunity to
earn positive reinforcement or the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a specified
time. This would be considered ___________ punishment
✔✔over-correction ; positive - ✔✔when, contingent upon a problem behavior, the
learner is required to engage in effortful behavior that is directly or logically related to
the problem. This would be considered ____________ punishment
✔✔response cost ; negative - ✔✔a form of punishment in which the loss of a specific
amount of reinforcement occurs, contingent on an inappropriate behavior, and results in
the decreased probability of the future occurrence of the behavior. This would be
considered ______ punishment
✔✔restitutional overcorrection - ✔✔after the problem behavior, the learner is required to
repair the situation and bring the environment back to a condition that is notably
improved than before the behavior occurred
✔✔response cost - ✔✔The contingent loss of reinforcers (e.g. a fine), producing a
decrease of the frequency of behavior; a form of negative punishment
✔✔reinforcing - ✔✔time out will typically be ineffective if "time in" is not ________
, ✔✔conditioned punisher - ✔✔a stimulus that has acquired its pushing capabilities by
being paired with punishers (conditioned or unconditioned)
✔✔decreases - ✔✔punisher is a stimulus change that immediately follows the
occurrence of a behavior and _______ the future frequency of that type of behavior
✔✔ratio strain - ✔✔results from abrupt increase in ration requirements when moving
from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules
✔✔interval schedule - ✔✔if the contingency b/w responses and reinforcement depends
on time, the schedule is call _______
✔✔ratio schedule - ✔✔in the contingency b/w responses and reinforcement depends on
the number of responses, the schedule is call _______
✔✔fixed-ratio schedule - ✔✔requires a specified number of responses before a
response produces reinforcement
✔✔variable-ratio schedule - ✔✔requires a variable number of responses before a
response produces reinforcement
✔✔fixed-interval schedule - ✔✔provides reinforcement for the first response following
the elapse of variable duration of time since the last reinforced response
✔✔limited hold - ✔✔when reinforcement remains available for a finite time following the
elapse of the FI or VI schedule
✔✔concurrent schedules of reinforcement - ✔✔occurs when a) 2 or more contingencies
of reinforcement b) operate independently and simultaneously c) for 2 or more
behaviors; choice making
✔✔Multiple Schedule of Reinforcement - ✔✔occurs in an alternating , usually random
sequence and can be identified by the discriminating stimulus
✔✔variable-ratio schedule - ✔✔requires a variable number of responses before a
response produces reinforcement
✔✔chained schedules - ✔✔much like multiple schedules in that it relies on
discriminative stimulus; however, the order is not random- it is always the same
✔✔fixed-interval schedule - ✔✔provides reinforcement for the response following the
elapse of a specific, constant duration of time since the last reinforced response
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔punishment - ✔✔punishment is defined neither by the actions of the person
delivering the consequences not by the nature of those consequences. A decrease in
the future frequency of occurrence of the behavior much be observed before
consequent-based intervention qualifies as __________
✔✔negative punishment - ✔✔the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a
behavior's recurring
✔✔positive punishment - ✔✔the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability
of a behavior's recurring
✔✔aversive control - ✔✔- associated with both positive punishment and negative
reinforcement
- used to describe interventions involving either or both of these contingencies
✔✔conditioned punisher - ✔✔acquired its punishing properties capabilities by being
paired with unconditioned or conditioned punishers
,✔✔punisher - ✔✔a stimulus change that immediately follows the occurrence of a
behavior and reduces the future frequency of that type of behavior
✔✔reward ; escape - ✔✔Dr. Murry Sidman summarized many times that we consider
virtue to be its own ________ . He also indicated that it is a myth to believe that
punishment does not teach anything because it effectively teaches avoidance and
__________ .
✔✔positive reinforcement - ✔✔punishment much be paired with ________
✔✔decrease - ✔✔- the power of punishment techniques is that they can rapidly
________ and individual's rate of problem behaviors
- merely suppressing unacceptable behaviors is not enough: the individual should also
be taught appropriate and functional behaviors
✔✔removal - ✔✔negative punishment has occurred when the frequency of responding
has been decreed by the _________ of a stimulus immediately following a behavior
✔✔response blocking ; negative - ✔✔_______________ is when a person or device
blocks a response to prevent it from completing, would be considered _________
punishment
✔✔time out ; negative - ✔✔________ is defined as withdrawal of the opportunity to
earn positive reinforcement or the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a specified
time. This would be considered ___________ punishment
✔✔over-correction ; positive - ✔✔when, contingent upon a problem behavior, the
learner is required to engage in effortful behavior that is directly or logically related to
the problem. This would be considered ____________ punishment
✔✔response cost ; negative - ✔✔a form of punishment in which the loss of a specific
amount of reinforcement occurs, contingent on an inappropriate behavior, and results in
the decreased probability of the future occurrence of the behavior. This would be
considered ______ punishment
✔✔restitutional overcorrection - ✔✔after the problem behavior, the learner is required to
repair the situation and bring the environment back to a condition that is notably
improved than before the behavior occurred
✔✔response cost - ✔✔The contingent loss of reinforcers (e.g. a fine), producing a
decrease of the frequency of behavior; a form of negative punishment
✔✔reinforcing - ✔✔time out will typically be ineffective if "time in" is not ________
, ✔✔conditioned punisher - ✔✔a stimulus that has acquired its pushing capabilities by
being paired with punishers (conditioned or unconditioned)
✔✔decreases - ✔✔punisher is a stimulus change that immediately follows the
occurrence of a behavior and _______ the future frequency of that type of behavior
✔✔ratio strain - ✔✔results from abrupt increase in ration requirements when moving
from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules
✔✔interval schedule - ✔✔if the contingency b/w responses and reinforcement depends
on time, the schedule is call _______
✔✔ratio schedule - ✔✔in the contingency b/w responses and reinforcement depends on
the number of responses, the schedule is call _______
✔✔fixed-ratio schedule - ✔✔requires a specified number of responses before a
response produces reinforcement
✔✔variable-ratio schedule - ✔✔requires a variable number of responses before a
response produces reinforcement
✔✔fixed-interval schedule - ✔✔provides reinforcement for the first response following
the elapse of variable duration of time since the last reinforced response
✔✔limited hold - ✔✔when reinforcement remains available for a finite time following the
elapse of the FI or VI schedule
✔✔concurrent schedules of reinforcement - ✔✔occurs when a) 2 or more contingencies
of reinforcement b) operate independently and simultaneously c) for 2 or more
behaviors; choice making
✔✔Multiple Schedule of Reinforcement - ✔✔occurs in an alternating , usually random
sequence and can be identified by the discriminating stimulus
✔✔variable-ratio schedule - ✔✔requires a variable number of responses before a
response produces reinforcement
✔✔chained schedules - ✔✔much like multiple schedules in that it relies on
discriminative stimulus; however, the order is not random- it is always the same
✔✔fixed-interval schedule - ✔✔provides reinforcement for the response following the
elapse of a specific, constant duration of time since the last reinforced response
