NR 602
FINAL EXAM PREP
400+ QUESTIONS
(WEEKS 5 – 8 COVERED)
Verified Questions & Answers With Rationales
(Primary Care of the Childbearing and Childrearing Family)
Chamberlain
,1. A 9-month-old presents with vomiting and diarrhea. Capillary refill is 3.5 seconds, and
mucous membranes are dry. What is the most accurate interpretation?
A. Severe dehydration
B. Moderate dehydration
C. No dehydration
D. Mild dehydration
Correct Answer:
Moderate dehydration
Rationale:
Delayed capillary refill, dry mucosa, and about 6% weight loss indicate moderate fluid deficit
rather than mild dehydration or shock-level severe dehydration.
2. A 2-year-old has diarrhea and is only drinking water. Labs show low sodium. What is the
cause?
A. Isonatremic dehydration
B. Hyponatremic dehydration
C. Hypernatremic dehydration
D. Sodium loss > water
Correct Answer:
Sodium loss > water
Rationale:
Diarrheal losses contain electrolytes; replacing losses with free water alone dilutes serum
sodium and produces hyponatremia.
3. A 5-year-old has 6% weight loss from gastroenteritis. Classification?
A. No dehydration
B. Moderate dehydration
C. Mild dehydration
D. Severe dehydration
Correct Answer:
Moderate dehydration
Rationale:
Delayed capillary refill, dry mucosa, and about 6% weight loss indicate moderate fluid deficit
rather than mild dehydration or shock-level severe dehydration.
4. Which combination best determines dehydration severity?
A. No dehydration
B. Mild dehydration
C. CRT, skin turgor, respiratory status
, D. Moderate dehydration
Correct Answer:
CRT, skin turgor, respiratory status
Rationale:
Dehydration severity is best judged from combined perfusion, skin turgor, respiratory status,
mucosal moisture, tears, and mental status rather than one isolated sign.
5. A child has lethargy, sunken eyes, and absent tears. What severity?
A. Severe dehydration
B. No dehydration
C. Mild dehydration
D. Moderate dehydration
Correct Answer:
Severe dehydration
Rationale:
Lethargy, prolonged capillary refill, absent tears, sunken eyes, and poor perfusion are red flags
for severe dehydration requiring urgent fluid management.
6. A child with dehydration has tachypnea. Why?
A. Compensation
B. Parent report only
C. Capillary refill
D. Weight alone
Correct Answer:
Compensation
Rationale:
Tachypnea or tachycardia occurs as the child compensates for hypovolemia and metabolic
stress to preserve tissue perfusion.
7. Which is the most reliable early sign of dehydration?
A. Capillary refill
B. Parent report only
C. Single urine dipstick
D. Weight alone
Correct Answer:
Capillary refill
Rationale:
Capillary refill is a practical early perfusion marker; delay suggests reduced intravascular
volume before blood pressure falls.
8. A 6-week-old cries >3 hours/day, >3 days/week, healthy otherwise. Diagnosis?
, A. Colic
B. Immediate discharge
C. Observation only
D. Routine follow-up only
Correct Answer:
Colic
Rationale:
The rule of threes - crying more than 3 hours per day, more than 3 days per week in an
otherwise healthy infant - is classic for infantile colic.
9. First step in colic management?
A. Observation only
B. Routine follow-up only
C. Parental reassurance
D. Immediate discharge
Correct Answer:
Parental reassurance
Rationale:
Colic is benign and self-limited, so the first step is reassurance, education, soothing strategies,
and assessment for caregiver stress.
10. Which is unsafe in colic management?
A. Dryer with infant in seat
B. Observation only
C. Immediate discharge
D. Routine follow-up only
Correct Answer:
Dryer with infant in seat
Rationale:
Placing an infant in a seat on a running dryer is unsafe because vibration can cause falls or
injury; soothing should never compromise safety.
11. Pain starts periumbilical then moves to RLQ. Diagnosis?
A. Constipation
B. Appendicitis
C. Intussusception
D. Gastroenteritis
Correct Answer:
Appendicitis
Rationale:
FINAL EXAM PREP
400+ QUESTIONS
(WEEKS 5 – 8 COVERED)
Verified Questions & Answers With Rationales
(Primary Care of the Childbearing and Childrearing Family)
Chamberlain
,1. A 9-month-old presents with vomiting and diarrhea. Capillary refill is 3.5 seconds, and
mucous membranes are dry. What is the most accurate interpretation?
A. Severe dehydration
B. Moderate dehydration
C. No dehydration
D. Mild dehydration
Correct Answer:
Moderate dehydration
Rationale:
Delayed capillary refill, dry mucosa, and about 6% weight loss indicate moderate fluid deficit
rather than mild dehydration or shock-level severe dehydration.
2. A 2-year-old has diarrhea and is only drinking water. Labs show low sodium. What is the
cause?
A. Isonatremic dehydration
B. Hyponatremic dehydration
C. Hypernatremic dehydration
D. Sodium loss > water
Correct Answer:
Sodium loss > water
Rationale:
Diarrheal losses contain electrolytes; replacing losses with free water alone dilutes serum
sodium and produces hyponatremia.
3. A 5-year-old has 6% weight loss from gastroenteritis. Classification?
A. No dehydration
B. Moderate dehydration
C. Mild dehydration
D. Severe dehydration
Correct Answer:
Moderate dehydration
Rationale:
Delayed capillary refill, dry mucosa, and about 6% weight loss indicate moderate fluid deficit
rather than mild dehydration or shock-level severe dehydration.
4. Which combination best determines dehydration severity?
A. No dehydration
B. Mild dehydration
C. CRT, skin turgor, respiratory status
, D. Moderate dehydration
Correct Answer:
CRT, skin turgor, respiratory status
Rationale:
Dehydration severity is best judged from combined perfusion, skin turgor, respiratory status,
mucosal moisture, tears, and mental status rather than one isolated sign.
5. A child has lethargy, sunken eyes, and absent tears. What severity?
A. Severe dehydration
B. No dehydration
C. Mild dehydration
D. Moderate dehydration
Correct Answer:
Severe dehydration
Rationale:
Lethargy, prolonged capillary refill, absent tears, sunken eyes, and poor perfusion are red flags
for severe dehydration requiring urgent fluid management.
6. A child with dehydration has tachypnea. Why?
A. Compensation
B. Parent report only
C. Capillary refill
D. Weight alone
Correct Answer:
Compensation
Rationale:
Tachypnea or tachycardia occurs as the child compensates for hypovolemia and metabolic
stress to preserve tissue perfusion.
7. Which is the most reliable early sign of dehydration?
A. Capillary refill
B. Parent report only
C. Single urine dipstick
D. Weight alone
Correct Answer:
Capillary refill
Rationale:
Capillary refill is a practical early perfusion marker; delay suggests reduced intravascular
volume before blood pressure falls.
8. A 6-week-old cries >3 hours/day, >3 days/week, healthy otherwise. Diagnosis?
, A. Colic
B. Immediate discharge
C. Observation only
D. Routine follow-up only
Correct Answer:
Colic
Rationale:
The rule of threes - crying more than 3 hours per day, more than 3 days per week in an
otherwise healthy infant - is classic for infantile colic.
9. First step in colic management?
A. Observation only
B. Routine follow-up only
C. Parental reassurance
D. Immediate discharge
Correct Answer:
Parental reassurance
Rationale:
Colic is benign and self-limited, so the first step is reassurance, education, soothing strategies,
and assessment for caregiver stress.
10. Which is unsafe in colic management?
A. Dryer with infant in seat
B. Observation only
C. Immediate discharge
D. Routine follow-up only
Correct Answer:
Dryer with infant in seat
Rationale:
Placing an infant in a seat on a running dryer is unsafe because vibration can cause falls or
injury; soothing should never compromise safety.
11. Pain starts periumbilical then moves to RLQ. Diagnosis?
A. Constipation
B. Appendicitis
C. Intussusception
D. Gastroenteritis
Correct Answer:
Appendicitis
Rationale:
