NR 602
FINAL EXAM
Verified Questions & Answers With Rationales
(Primary Care of the Childbearing
and Childrearing Family)
Chamberlain
CONSISTS OF 100+ QUESTIONS
WEEKS 5 – 8 COVERED
,1. A 10-month-old infant presents with a recent history of diarrhea and is found
to have lost 12% of their body weight. According to clinical classification, which
degree of dehydration does this represent?
A. Mild dehydration
B. Moderate dehydration
C. Severe dehydration
D. No dehydration
Correct Answer:
B. Moderate dehydration
Rationale:
Pediatric dehydration is often classified by percent body-weight loss. A 12%
weight loss is clinically significant and commonly treated as moderate to severe
dehydration requiring prompt rehydration and close monitoring.
2. In a pediatric patient with massive stool loss due to diarrhea who is only
being rehydrated with plain water, which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to
occur?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer:
B. Hyponatremia
Rationale:
Replacing diarrheal losses with plain water dilutes serum sodium and fails to
replace electrolytes, increasing risk for hyponatremia.
3. Which combination of physical exam findings is considered most helpful in
the clinical determination of pediatric dehydration?
A. Fever, cough, and rash
B. CRT, skin turgor, tachypnea
,C. Bradycardia, hypertension, and edema
D. Wheezing, stridor, and clubbing
Correct Answer:
B. CRT, skin turgor, tachypnea
Rationale:
Capillary refill time, skin turgor, respiratory pattern, mucous membranes, pulse
quality, and overall appearance help estimate dehydration severity.
4. An infant is brought to the clinic for excessive crying. The parents state the
infant cries for at least 4 hours a day, 4 days a week, and is 2 months old. All
other exams are normal. Which management strategy should be discouraged?
A. Swaddling the infant safely
B. Offering caregiver support and reassurance
C. Placing the infant in a car seat on top of a running dryer
D. Using soothing routines and safe sleep practices
Correct Answer:
C. Placing the infant in a car seat on top of a running dryer
Rationale:
This is unsafe because vibration can cause the car seat to fall. Colic management
should focus on safety, soothing strategies, caregiver rest, and assessment for red
flags.
5. In the classic clinical presentation of appendicitis in children, what is typically
the very first sign or symptom to emerge?
A. Poorly defined periumbilical pain
B. Left shoulder pain
C. Painless jaundice
D. Hematuria
Correct Answer:
A. Poorly defined periumbilical pain
Rationale:
Appendicitis often begins with vague periumbilical pain due to visceral irritation,
then localizes to the right lower quadrant as parietal peritoneal inflammation
develops.
, 6. Using the appendicitis scoring system (Sayed et al.), which of the following
clinical findings is weighted most heavily with 2 points?
A. Mild cough
B. RLQ tenderness on light palpation
C. Nasal congestion
D. Ear pain
Correct Answer:
B. RLQ tenderness on light palpation
Rationale:
Right lower quadrant tenderness is a key finding in appendicitis and receives
higher diagnostic weight because it reflects localized peritoneal inflammation.
7. Which physical examination maneuver involves eliciting Right Lower
Quadrant pain by applying deep pressure to the Left Lower Quadrant and then
suddenly releasing it?
A. Psoas sign
B. Rovsing sign
C. Kernig sign
D. Lachman test
Correct Answer:
B. Rovsing sign
Rationale:
Rovsing sign occurs when palpation of the left lower quadrant produces right
lower quadrant pain, suggesting peritoneal irritation from appendicitis.
8. When diagnosing appendicitis in an adolescent, which imaging modality
currently offers the highest accuracy and is not operator dependent?
A. Plain abdominal x-ray
B. CT scan with contrast
C. DEXA scan
D. Chest ultrasound
Correct Answer:
B. CT scan with contrast
Rationale:
FINAL EXAM
Verified Questions & Answers With Rationales
(Primary Care of the Childbearing
and Childrearing Family)
Chamberlain
CONSISTS OF 100+ QUESTIONS
WEEKS 5 – 8 COVERED
,1. A 10-month-old infant presents with a recent history of diarrhea and is found
to have lost 12% of their body weight. According to clinical classification, which
degree of dehydration does this represent?
A. Mild dehydration
B. Moderate dehydration
C. Severe dehydration
D. No dehydration
Correct Answer:
B. Moderate dehydration
Rationale:
Pediatric dehydration is often classified by percent body-weight loss. A 12%
weight loss is clinically significant and commonly treated as moderate to severe
dehydration requiring prompt rehydration and close monitoring.
2. In a pediatric patient with massive stool loss due to diarrhea who is only
being rehydrated with plain water, which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to
occur?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer:
B. Hyponatremia
Rationale:
Replacing diarrheal losses with plain water dilutes serum sodium and fails to
replace electrolytes, increasing risk for hyponatremia.
3. Which combination of physical exam findings is considered most helpful in
the clinical determination of pediatric dehydration?
A. Fever, cough, and rash
B. CRT, skin turgor, tachypnea
,C. Bradycardia, hypertension, and edema
D. Wheezing, stridor, and clubbing
Correct Answer:
B. CRT, skin turgor, tachypnea
Rationale:
Capillary refill time, skin turgor, respiratory pattern, mucous membranes, pulse
quality, and overall appearance help estimate dehydration severity.
4. An infant is brought to the clinic for excessive crying. The parents state the
infant cries for at least 4 hours a day, 4 days a week, and is 2 months old. All
other exams are normal. Which management strategy should be discouraged?
A. Swaddling the infant safely
B. Offering caregiver support and reassurance
C. Placing the infant in a car seat on top of a running dryer
D. Using soothing routines and safe sleep practices
Correct Answer:
C. Placing the infant in a car seat on top of a running dryer
Rationale:
This is unsafe because vibration can cause the car seat to fall. Colic management
should focus on safety, soothing strategies, caregiver rest, and assessment for red
flags.
5. In the classic clinical presentation of appendicitis in children, what is typically
the very first sign or symptom to emerge?
A. Poorly defined periumbilical pain
B. Left shoulder pain
C. Painless jaundice
D. Hematuria
Correct Answer:
A. Poorly defined periumbilical pain
Rationale:
Appendicitis often begins with vague periumbilical pain due to visceral irritation,
then localizes to the right lower quadrant as parietal peritoneal inflammation
develops.
, 6. Using the appendicitis scoring system (Sayed et al.), which of the following
clinical findings is weighted most heavily with 2 points?
A. Mild cough
B. RLQ tenderness on light palpation
C. Nasal congestion
D. Ear pain
Correct Answer:
B. RLQ tenderness on light palpation
Rationale:
Right lower quadrant tenderness is a key finding in appendicitis and receives
higher diagnostic weight because it reflects localized peritoneal inflammation.
7. Which physical examination maneuver involves eliciting Right Lower
Quadrant pain by applying deep pressure to the Left Lower Quadrant and then
suddenly releasing it?
A. Psoas sign
B. Rovsing sign
C. Kernig sign
D. Lachman test
Correct Answer:
B. Rovsing sign
Rationale:
Rovsing sign occurs when palpation of the left lower quadrant produces right
lower quadrant pain, suggesting peritoneal irritation from appendicitis.
8. When diagnosing appendicitis in an adolescent, which imaging modality
currently offers the highest accuracy and is not operator dependent?
A. Plain abdominal x-ray
B. CT scan with contrast
C. DEXA scan
D. Chest ultrasound
Correct Answer:
B. CT scan with contrast
Rationale:
