NUR 378 Practice Exam 1 2026 | Most Tested Questions |
Graded A+
1. If a nurse encounters a 3-year-old child who refuses to take liquid medication
due to its taste, what alternative method could the nurse use that aligns with
best practices?
Force the child to take the medication.
Mix the medication with a small amount of yogurt.
Add the medication to a glass of soda.
Tell the child they will receive a reward for taking it.
2. What is the first step in developing a human needs statement for a patient?
Administering interventions
Collection of patient data
Documenting the patient's behavior
Deciding on patient outcomes
3. Describe the first-pass effect and its significance in pharmacology.
The first-pass effect is only relevant for medications administered via
injection.
The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is administered intravenously,
bypassing the liver.
The first-pass effect enhances the effectiveness of drugs by increasing
their concentration in the bloodstream.
The first-pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug in the liver
before it reaches systemic circulation, which can reduce the drug's
bioavailability.
,4. The nurse is assessing a newly admitted 83-year-old patient and determines
that the patient is experiencing polypharmacy. Which statement most
accurately illustrates polypharmacy?
The patient has lower risk for drug interactions.
The patient takes multiple medications simultaneously
The patient takes one medication for an illness several times a day.
The patient risks problems only if over-the-counter medications are
also taken.
5. Discuss why the excretion phase of pharmacokinetics is particularly
problematic for patients with end-stage renal disease.
In patients with end-stage renal disease, the excretion phase is
problematic because the kidneys are unable to effectively eliminate
drugs from the body, leading to potential toxicity.
In patients with end-stage renal disease, the distribution phase is
problematic due to increased blood volume.
In patients with end-stage renal disease, the metabolism phase is
problematic due to liver dysfunction.
In patients with end-stage renal disease, the absorption phase is
problematic due to altered gastrointestinal function.
6. How should medication dosing be approached in the elderly with
hypertension?
Titrate up quickly
Avoid medications in the elderly
Start with higher doses
Start on lower doses and slowly titrate up
,7. A nurse is reviewing a medication list for a pregnant patient in her third
trimester. If a medication is classified as Category D, what should the nurse
consider before administration?
The nurse should weigh the potential benefits of the medication
against the known risks to the fetus.
The nurse should avoid administering any medication during the third
trimester regardless of category.
The nurse should consult the physician to switch to a Category A
medication immediately.
The nurse should administer the medication without concern as it is
safe for all trimesters.
8. Why is it important to explain the injection procedure to a child at their level
of understanding?
It is only necessary to explain procedures to adults.
It helps reduce anxiety and fosters cooperation during the
procedure.
Explaining the procedure can confuse the child and make them more
anxious.
Children do not need any explanation before medical procedures.
9. When administering medication to a newborn, select the factor MOST likely
to contribute to drug toxicity
The kidneys are small
The liver is not fully developed
Excretion of the drug occurs quickly
The bowel is not fully developed
, 10. Why might a nurse choose to administer liquid medication with a spoonful of
ice cream to a child?
It ensures the child takes the full dose without any loss.
It distracts the child from the medication process.
It is a common practice for all age groups.
It masks the strong taste of the medication, making it more
palatable for the child.
11. A patient is prescribed an oral medication that is significantly affected by the
first-pass effect. If the patient has liver dysfunction, what consideration
should the nurse take regarding the medication's dosage?
The dosage may need to be adjusted to account for decreased
metabolism.
The dosage should be increased to enhance drug effectiveness.
The medication should be administered via IV to avoid the first-pass
effect.
The dosage will remain the same regardless of liver function.
12. When reviewing pharmacology terms for a group of newly graduated
nurses, the nurse explains that a drug's half-life is the time it takes for
the drug to cause half of its therapeutic response.
one half of the original amount of a drug to be absorbed into the
circulation.
one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the
body.
one half of the original amount of a drug to reach the target cells.
Graded A+
1. If a nurse encounters a 3-year-old child who refuses to take liquid medication
due to its taste, what alternative method could the nurse use that aligns with
best practices?
Force the child to take the medication.
Mix the medication with a small amount of yogurt.
Add the medication to a glass of soda.
Tell the child they will receive a reward for taking it.
2. What is the first step in developing a human needs statement for a patient?
Administering interventions
Collection of patient data
Documenting the patient's behavior
Deciding on patient outcomes
3. Describe the first-pass effect and its significance in pharmacology.
The first-pass effect is only relevant for medications administered via
injection.
The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is administered intravenously,
bypassing the liver.
The first-pass effect enhances the effectiveness of drugs by increasing
their concentration in the bloodstream.
The first-pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug in the liver
before it reaches systemic circulation, which can reduce the drug's
bioavailability.
,4. The nurse is assessing a newly admitted 83-year-old patient and determines
that the patient is experiencing polypharmacy. Which statement most
accurately illustrates polypharmacy?
The patient has lower risk for drug interactions.
The patient takes multiple medications simultaneously
The patient takes one medication for an illness several times a day.
The patient risks problems only if over-the-counter medications are
also taken.
5. Discuss why the excretion phase of pharmacokinetics is particularly
problematic for patients with end-stage renal disease.
In patients with end-stage renal disease, the excretion phase is
problematic because the kidneys are unable to effectively eliminate
drugs from the body, leading to potential toxicity.
In patients with end-stage renal disease, the distribution phase is
problematic due to increased blood volume.
In patients with end-stage renal disease, the metabolism phase is
problematic due to liver dysfunction.
In patients with end-stage renal disease, the absorption phase is
problematic due to altered gastrointestinal function.
6. How should medication dosing be approached in the elderly with
hypertension?
Titrate up quickly
Avoid medications in the elderly
Start with higher doses
Start on lower doses and slowly titrate up
,7. A nurse is reviewing a medication list for a pregnant patient in her third
trimester. If a medication is classified as Category D, what should the nurse
consider before administration?
The nurse should weigh the potential benefits of the medication
against the known risks to the fetus.
The nurse should avoid administering any medication during the third
trimester regardless of category.
The nurse should consult the physician to switch to a Category A
medication immediately.
The nurse should administer the medication without concern as it is
safe for all trimesters.
8. Why is it important to explain the injection procedure to a child at their level
of understanding?
It is only necessary to explain procedures to adults.
It helps reduce anxiety and fosters cooperation during the
procedure.
Explaining the procedure can confuse the child and make them more
anxious.
Children do not need any explanation before medical procedures.
9. When administering medication to a newborn, select the factor MOST likely
to contribute to drug toxicity
The kidneys are small
The liver is not fully developed
Excretion of the drug occurs quickly
The bowel is not fully developed
, 10. Why might a nurse choose to administer liquid medication with a spoonful of
ice cream to a child?
It ensures the child takes the full dose without any loss.
It distracts the child from the medication process.
It is a common practice for all age groups.
It masks the strong taste of the medication, making it more
palatable for the child.
11. A patient is prescribed an oral medication that is significantly affected by the
first-pass effect. If the patient has liver dysfunction, what consideration
should the nurse take regarding the medication's dosage?
The dosage may need to be adjusted to account for decreased
metabolism.
The dosage should be increased to enhance drug effectiveness.
The medication should be administered via IV to avoid the first-pass
effect.
The dosage will remain the same regardless of liver function.
12. When reviewing pharmacology terms for a group of newly graduated
nurses, the nurse explains that a drug's half-life is the time it takes for
the drug to cause half of its therapeutic response.
one half of the original amount of a drug to be absorbed into the
circulation.
one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the
body.
one half of the original amount of a drug to reach the target cells.
