BIO 290 REVIEW EXAMS UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A.pdf

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BIO 290 REVIEW EXAMS UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A.pdf

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Institution BIO 290

Course BIO 290

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BIO 290 REVIEW EXAMS UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A.pdf

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BIO 290 REVIEW EXAMS UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Thoracic vertebrae characteristics - ✔✔Costal facets, heart-shaped body, long
spinous process

✔✔Lumbar vertebrae characteristics - ✔✔Large kidney-shaped body, thick spinous
process

✔✔Atlas - ✔✔C1 vertebra lacking body

✔✔Axis - ✔✔C2 vertebra containing dens

✔✔Dens - ✔✔Odontoid process of axis

✔✔Transverse foramina - ✔✔Openings in cervical vertebrae for vertebral arteries

✔✔Costal facets - ✔✔Articular surfaces for ribs

✔✔Sacrum - ✔✔Five fused vertebrae forming posterior pelvis

✔✔Coccyx - ✔✔Tailbone of fused vertebrae

, ✔✔Primary spinal curvatures - ✔✔Thoracic and sacral

✔✔Secondary spinal curvatures - ✔✔Cervical and lumbar

✔✔True ribs - ✔✔Ribs 1-7 with direct sternal attachment

✔✔False ribs - ✔✔Ribs 8-10 with indirect sternal attachment

✔✔Floating ribs - ✔✔Ribs 11-12 without anterior attachment

✔✔Intervertebral disc - ✔✔Fibrocartilaginous cushion between vertebrae

✔✔Annulus fibrosus - ✔✔Outer fibrocartilage ring of disc

✔✔Nucleus pulposus - ✔✔Inner gelatinous core of disc

✔✔Disc herniation - ✔✔Protrusion of nucleus pulposus through annulus fibrosus

✔✔Anterior longitudinal ligament - ✔✔Prevents hyperextension

✔✔Posterior longitudinal ligament - ✔✔Prevents hyperflexion

✔✔Ligamentum flavum - ✔✔Connects adjacent laminae

✔✔Interspinous ligament - ✔✔Connects adjacent spinous processes

✔✔Supraspinous ligament - ✔✔Connects spinous process tips

✔✔Epaxial muscles - ✔✔Intrinsic back muscles

✔✔Innervation of epaxial muscles - ✔✔Dorsal rami

✔✔Erector spinae muscles - ✔✔Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

✔✔Function of erector spinae - ✔✔Extend vertebral column

✔✔Transversospinalis muscles - ✔✔Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

✔✔Central nervous system - ✔✔Brain and spinal cord

✔✔Peripheral nervous system - ✔✔Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

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Uploaded on: July 12, 2026
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Written in: 2025/2026
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