GMS 5057 MEDICAL CELL BIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2027|INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production
in eukaryotic cells?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation and are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
2. The basic structural and functional unit of life is the:
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: C. Cell
Rationale: All living organisms are composed of cells, which
perform essential biological functions.
,3. Which structure controls movement of substances into and
out of the cell?
A. Cell membrane
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Nucleolus
D. Cytoskeleton
Correct Answer: A. Cell membrane
Rationale: The plasma membrane regulates transport and
maintains cellular homeostasis.
4. The main function of ribosomes is:
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. DNA replication
D. ATP production
Correct Answer: B. Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins during
translation.
5. Which molecule stores genetic information in cells?
A. RNA
B. Protein
,C. DNA
D. Lipid
Correct Answer: C. DNA
Rationale: DNA contains hereditary information required for
cell function and reproduction.
6. The nucleus is surrounded by the:
A. Plasma membrane
B. Nuclear envelope
C. Cell wall
D. Golgi membrane
Correct Answer: B. Nuclear envelope
Rationale: The nuclear envelope separates nuclear contents
from the cytoplasm.
7. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Correct Answer: B. S phase
Rationale: During the synthesis (S) phase, DNA is duplicated
before cell division.
, 8. Mitosis produces:
A. Four genetically different cells
B. Two genetically identical daughter cells
C. Gametes
D. Stem cells only
Correct Answer: B. Two genetically identical daughter cells
Rationale: Mitosis maintains chromosome number and
produces identical somatic cells.
9. Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Centrosome
Correct Answer: A. Golgi apparatus
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes proteins and
prepares them for transport.
10. Lysosomes contain enzymes responsible for:
A. DNA synthesis
B. Cellular digestion
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2027|INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production
in eukaryotic cells?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative
phosphorylation and are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
2. The basic structural and functional unit of life is the:
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: C. Cell
Rationale: All living organisms are composed of cells, which
perform essential biological functions.
,3. Which structure controls movement of substances into and
out of the cell?
A. Cell membrane
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Nucleolus
D. Cytoskeleton
Correct Answer: A. Cell membrane
Rationale: The plasma membrane regulates transport and
maintains cellular homeostasis.
4. The main function of ribosomes is:
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. DNA replication
D. ATP production
Correct Answer: B. Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins during
translation.
5. Which molecule stores genetic information in cells?
A. RNA
B. Protein
,C. DNA
D. Lipid
Correct Answer: C. DNA
Rationale: DNA contains hereditary information required for
cell function and reproduction.
6. The nucleus is surrounded by the:
A. Plasma membrane
B. Nuclear envelope
C. Cell wall
D. Golgi membrane
Correct Answer: B. Nuclear envelope
Rationale: The nuclear envelope separates nuclear contents
from the cytoplasm.
7. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
A. G1 phase
B. S phase
C. G2 phase
D. M phase
Correct Answer: B. S phase
Rationale: During the synthesis (S) phase, DNA is duplicated
before cell division.
, 8. Mitosis produces:
A. Four genetically different cells
B. Two genetically identical daughter cells
C. Gametes
D. Stem cells only
Correct Answer: B. Two genetically identical daughter cells
Rationale: Mitosis maintains chromosome number and
produces identical somatic cells.
9. Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Centrosome
Correct Answer: A. Golgi apparatus
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes proteins and
prepares them for transport.
10. Lysosomes contain enzymes responsible for:
A. DNA synthesis
B. Cellular digestion
