NU 551 Unit 2 Exam Questions and Answers
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
Innate Immunity Natural barriers and inflammation
Present at birth
Initial response to injury
Adaptive/ Acquired Immunity Immunity which develops over a life time
Long term protection against specific
invaders
Involves memory
Examples Of Innate Immunity Skin
Epithelial cells in upper respiratory tract
GI tract through vomit & defecation
1st 2nd and 3rd Line of Defense Physical and biochemical barriers and the
human
micro biome
Inflammatory response
Adaptive Immunity
Normal Flora is Now Known As normal microbiome
Normal Microbiome colonized combination of bacteria and
fungi
unique to anatomical location and
individual
,Commensal benefiting the microorganism
Mutualistic benefiting both the microorganism and the
body
Functions of the Microbiome -produce enzymes
-synthesize metabolites
-release antibacterial substances
-competes w/pathogens for nutrients, block
attachments to epithelium, first step
infectious
process
-induces gut-associated typhoid tissue
-contributes to communication btw brain
and GI
tract
Opportunistic Pathogens harmless under normal conditions
-can cause disease when defense
mechanisms
lower
Lysozyme enzyme which attacks the cell walls of
gram-
positive bacteria
Where are lysozymes found -perspiration
-tears
-saliva
, Antimicrobial peptides Short peptides which kill and inhibit growth
of
bacteria, fungi & viruses
Defensins Antimicrobial peptides produced by
neutrophils
and epithelial cells that defend against
bacterial
infection by disrupting bacterial
membranes
Collectins Soluble glycoproteins that facilitate the
ability of
macrophages to recognize and kill
pathogenic
microorganisms and can activate the lectin
pathway of the complement system.
Inflammation protective response to injury and disease
(cellular
or tissue damage)
Function of Inflammation -destroy pathogens
-trigger adaptive immune response
-limit the extent of tissue damage
-initiat the healing process
Inflammatory Response is 1. occurs in vascular tissue
Characterized By 2. activation is rapid
3. is both cellular and chemical in nature
4. is non-specific
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
Innate Immunity Natural barriers and inflammation
Present at birth
Initial response to injury
Adaptive/ Acquired Immunity Immunity which develops over a life time
Long term protection against specific
invaders
Involves memory
Examples Of Innate Immunity Skin
Epithelial cells in upper respiratory tract
GI tract through vomit & defecation
1st 2nd and 3rd Line of Defense Physical and biochemical barriers and the
human
micro biome
Inflammatory response
Adaptive Immunity
Normal Flora is Now Known As normal microbiome
Normal Microbiome colonized combination of bacteria and
fungi
unique to anatomical location and
individual
,Commensal benefiting the microorganism
Mutualistic benefiting both the microorganism and the
body
Functions of the Microbiome -produce enzymes
-synthesize metabolites
-release antibacterial substances
-competes w/pathogens for nutrients, block
attachments to epithelium, first step
infectious
process
-induces gut-associated typhoid tissue
-contributes to communication btw brain
and GI
tract
Opportunistic Pathogens harmless under normal conditions
-can cause disease when defense
mechanisms
lower
Lysozyme enzyme which attacks the cell walls of
gram-
positive bacteria
Where are lysozymes found -perspiration
-tears
-saliva
, Antimicrobial peptides Short peptides which kill and inhibit growth
of
bacteria, fungi & viruses
Defensins Antimicrobial peptides produced by
neutrophils
and epithelial cells that defend against
bacterial
infection by disrupting bacterial
membranes
Collectins Soluble glycoproteins that facilitate the
ability of
macrophages to recognize and kill
pathogenic
microorganisms and can activate the lectin
pathway of the complement system.
Inflammation protective response to injury and disease
(cellular
or tissue damage)
Function of Inflammation -destroy pathogens
-trigger adaptive immune response
-limit the extent of tissue damage
-initiat the healing process
Inflammatory Response is 1. occurs in vascular tissue
Characterized By 2. activation is rapid
3. is both cellular and chemical in nature
4. is non-specific
