BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 7 Exam Review - ...
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 7
Exam Review - Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage
Learning 2026/2027
2026/2027 Official Exam
75 100% 2026/2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
Reproductive System Gametogenesis & Hormonal Regulation
Male Reproductive Anatomy Reproductive System Disorders
Female Reproductive Anatomy
COVER PAGE - 1
, SECTION 1 | Reproductive System Overview | Q1-Q15 | BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 7 Exam Review - Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage Learning 2026/2027 2026/2027
Q1 Question 1 of 75
A 25-year-old male presents for a fertility evaluation and asks his physician about the
functional role of the scrotal dartos and cremaster muscles. Which statement best describes
the primary function these muscles perform in the male reproductive system?
A. They regulate testicular temperature for optimal spermatogenesis
B. They propel sperm through the ductus deferens during ejaculation
C. They produce seminal fluid rich in fructose
D. They secrete testosterone directly into the bloodstream
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
The dartos and cremaster muscles contract or relax to raise and lower the testes within the scrotum, regulating
testicular temperature to approximately 2 to 4 degrees Celsius below body temperature for optimal
spermatogenesis. The ductus deferens uses peristalsis for sperm propulsion, not the scrotal muscles, so that
option misidentifies the function.
Q2 Question 2 of 75
A histology instructor points out sustentacular cells within a seminiferous tubule cross-section
and asks students to identify their primary role. These Sertoli cells perform which essential
function in spermatogenesis?
A. They secrete luteinizing hormone to stimulate Leydig cells
B. They provide nourishment and support for developing sperm cells and form the
blood-testis barrier
C. They undergo meiosis to produce haploid spermatids
D. They store mature spermatozoa until ejaculation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells) provide structural and nutritional support for developing germ cells, form the
blood-testis barrier via tight junctions, and phagocytose residual bodies. Spermatogonia undergo meiosis, not
Sertoli cells, so the option claiming meiotic division incorrectly assigns that role.
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, Q3 Question 3 of 75
A 45-year-old male with Klinefelter syndrome asks his endocrinologist why his serum
testosterone is low. The interstitial Leydig cells of the testes are primarily responsible for
which hormonal secretion under LH stimulation?
A. Inhibin
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
C. Testosterone
D. Luteinizing hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Leydig cells located in the interstitial tissue between seminiferous tubules secrete testosterone in response to
luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are
pituitary hormones, not testicular secretions, so those options misidentify the source.
Q4 Question 4 of 75
A biology major is studying the embryonic differentiation of the gonads and asks which
chromosomal pattern directs the development of ovaries versus testes. The presence or
absence of which gene product on the Y chromosome determines male gonadal
development?
A. DAX1 gene on the X chromosome
B. Bcl-2 oncogene
C. BRCA1 tumor suppressor
D. SRY gene product (testis-determining factor)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
The SRY gene on the Y chromosome encodes the testis-determining factor that triggers differentiation of the
bipotential gonad into testes; its absence results in default ovarian development. DAX1 on the X chromosome
antagonizes SRY but does not direct male development, so that option is incorrect.
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, Q5 Question 5 of 75
A 28-year-old female undergoes a fertility workup that includes serum anti-mullerian hormone
testing. In the developing male fetus, Sertoli cells secrete anti-mullerian hormone to
accomplish which embryologic function?
A. Regression of the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts
B. Stimulation of the mesonephric (wolffian) ducts to form male reproductive tract
C. Differentiation of the bipotential gonad into testes
D. Formation of the external female genitalia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Anti-mullerian hormone from Sertoli cells causes regression of the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts, which
would otherwise form the uterus and fallopian tubes. Testosterone, not AMH, stimulates the mesonephric ducts
to form male internal genitalia, so that option confuses the two embryologic roles.
Q6 Question 6 of 75
A 19-year-old male asks his primary care provider whether the bilateral inguinal canals
remain functionally important after testicular descent. The spermatic cord passes through the
inguinal canal and carries which combination of structures?
A. Urethra, corpus cavernosum, and bulbourethral gland
B. Ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, and autonomic nerves
C. Ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle, and prostate
D. Epididymis, rete testis, and tunica albuginea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The spermatic cord traverses the inguinal canal and contains the ductus deferens, testicular artery,
pampiniform venous plexus, lymphatics, and autonomic nerves, all enclosed in fascial layers. The urethra and
erectile tissues are pelvic or perineal structures, not contents of the cord, so the alternative misstates the
anatomy.
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 7 Exam Review - Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage Learning 2026/2027
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OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 7
Exam Review - Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage
Learning 2026/2027
2026/2027 Official Exam
75 100% 2026/2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
Reproductive System Gametogenesis & Hormonal Regulation
Male Reproductive Anatomy Reproductive System Disorders
Female Reproductive Anatomy
COVER PAGE - 1
, SECTION 1 | Reproductive System Overview | Q1-Q15 | BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 7 Exam Review - Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage Learning 2026/2027 2026/2027
Q1 Question 1 of 75
A 25-year-old male presents for a fertility evaluation and asks his physician about the
functional role of the scrotal dartos and cremaster muscles. Which statement best describes
the primary function these muscles perform in the male reproductive system?
A. They regulate testicular temperature for optimal spermatogenesis
B. They propel sperm through the ductus deferens during ejaculation
C. They produce seminal fluid rich in fructose
D. They secrete testosterone directly into the bloodstream
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
The dartos and cremaster muscles contract or relax to raise and lower the testes within the scrotum, regulating
testicular temperature to approximately 2 to 4 degrees Celsius below body temperature for optimal
spermatogenesis. The ductus deferens uses peristalsis for sperm propulsion, not the scrotal muscles, so that
option misidentifies the function.
Q2 Question 2 of 75
A histology instructor points out sustentacular cells within a seminiferous tubule cross-section
and asks students to identify their primary role. These Sertoli cells perform which essential
function in spermatogenesis?
A. They secrete luteinizing hormone to stimulate Leydig cells
B. They provide nourishment and support for developing sperm cells and form the
blood-testis barrier
C. They undergo meiosis to produce haploid spermatids
D. They store mature spermatozoa until ejaculation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells) provide structural and nutritional support for developing germ cells, form the
blood-testis barrier via tight junctions, and phagocytose residual bodies. Spermatogonia undergo meiosis, not
Sertoli cells, so the option claiming meiotic division incorrectly assigns that role.
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 7 Exam Review - Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage Learning 2026/2027
Page 2-of
2026/2027
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, Q3 Question 3 of 75
A 45-year-old male with Klinefelter syndrome asks his endocrinologist why his serum
testosterone is low. The interstitial Leydig cells of the testes are primarily responsible for
which hormonal secretion under LH stimulation?
A. Inhibin
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
C. Testosterone
D. Luteinizing hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Leydig cells located in the interstitial tissue between seminiferous tubules secrete testosterone in response to
luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are
pituitary hormones, not testicular secretions, so those options misidentify the source.
Q4 Question 4 of 75
A biology major is studying the embryonic differentiation of the gonads and asks which
chromosomal pattern directs the development of ovaries versus testes. The presence or
absence of which gene product on the Y chromosome determines male gonadal
development?
A. DAX1 gene on the X chromosome
B. Bcl-2 oncogene
C. BRCA1 tumor suppressor
D. SRY gene product (testis-determining factor)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
The SRY gene on the Y chromosome encodes the testis-determining factor that triggers differentiation of the
bipotential gonad into testes; its absence results in default ovarian development. DAX1 on the X chromosome
antagonizes SRY but does not direct male development, so that option is incorrect.
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 7 Exam Review - Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage Learning 2026/2027
Page 3-of
2026/2027
42 | Passin
, Q5 Question 5 of 75
A 28-year-old female undergoes a fertility workup that includes serum anti-mullerian hormone
testing. In the developing male fetus, Sertoli cells secrete anti-mullerian hormone to
accomplish which embryologic function?
A. Regression of the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts
B. Stimulation of the mesonephric (wolffian) ducts to form male reproductive tract
C. Differentiation of the bipotential gonad into testes
D. Formation of the external female genitalia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Anti-mullerian hormone from Sertoli cells causes regression of the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts, which
would otherwise form the uterus and fallopian tubes. Testosterone, not AMH, stimulates the mesonephric ducts
to form male internal genitalia, so that option confuses the two embryologic roles.
Q6 Question 6 of 75
A 19-year-old male asks his primary care provider whether the bilateral inguinal canals
remain functionally important after testicular descent. The spermatic cord passes through the
inguinal canal and carries which combination of structures?
A. Urethra, corpus cavernosum, and bulbourethral gland
B. Ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, and autonomic nerves
C. Ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle, and prostate
D. Epididymis, rete testis, and tunica albuginea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The spermatic cord traverses the inguinal canal and contains the ductus deferens, testicular artery,
pampiniform venous plexus, lymphatics, and autonomic nerves, all enclosed in fascial layers. The urethra and
erectile tissues are pelvic or perineal structures, not contents of the cord, so the alternative misstates the
anatomy.
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab | Module 7 Exam Review - Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage Learning 2026/2027
Page 4-of
2026/2027
42 | Passin
