NU-641 Pharm Exam 1 Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Loop Diuretics Furosemide (Lasix)
Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
Bumetanide
Torremide (Demadex)
,Furosemide (Lasix) loop diuretic
MOA: Acts in the thick segment of
ascending limb
of the loop of Henle to block reabsorption
of Na2+
and Cl-, *Creates profound diuresis
Pharmacokinetics: PO admin- takes 60
mins to
diuresis, lasts 8 hrs, 20-80 mg, 1-2 doses
daily
Therapeutic uses: Reserved for rapid
situations:
pulmonary edema associated with CHF,
edema of
hepatic, cardiac, or renal origin that's been
unresponsive to other diuretics, HTN not
controlled w other diuretics
*want to try thiazides for less emergent
first
A/E: Hyponatremia, hypochloremia,
dehydration,
hypokalemia - ***BBW- profound diuresis
and
electrolyte depletion
ØHypotension
ØOtotoxicity - unique to loop diuretics
Drug interactions:
ØDigoxin - in the presence of low
potassium
ØOtotoxic drugs
ØPotassium-sparing diuretics
Thiazide Diuretics Hydrochlorothiazide (microzia)
Chlorothiazide (diuril)
Methylclothiazide
,Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) MOA: Promotes urine production by
blocking the
reabsorption of Na2+ and Cl- in the early
segment
of the distal convoluted tubule
Pharmacokinetics: PO- diuresis begins in 2
hours,
peaks 4-6 hrs, persists up to 12 hrs,
12.5-25 mg/day
Therapeutic uses:
ØEssential HTN
ØEdema
A/E - similar to loop
ØHyponatremia, hypochloremia,
dehydration,
hypokalemia -
ØHypotension
Drug interactions
ØDigoxin - in the presence of low
potassium
ØPotassium-sparing diuretics
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Group of diuretics
, Spironolactone (Aldactone) potassium-sparing diuretic; aldosterone
antagonist
MOA: Blocks the actions of aldosterone in
the
distal nephron (retention of potassium and
increased excretion of sodium)
Pharmacokinetics:
ØPO- onset of diuresis 24-48 hrs, duration
48-72
hrs, 25-100 mg/ day
Therapeutic uses - usually used in combo
with
another diuretic to counteract K+ loss
ØHTN
ØEdema
ØHeart failure
A/E:
ØHyperkalemia
ØEndocrine effects - can act similar to
steroid
hormones
Drug interactions
ØThiazide and loop diuretics
ØAgents that raise K+
Mannitol osmotic diuretic
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Loop Diuretics Furosemide (Lasix)
Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
Bumetanide
Torremide (Demadex)
,Furosemide (Lasix) loop diuretic
MOA: Acts in the thick segment of
ascending limb
of the loop of Henle to block reabsorption
of Na2+
and Cl-, *Creates profound diuresis
Pharmacokinetics: PO admin- takes 60
mins to
diuresis, lasts 8 hrs, 20-80 mg, 1-2 doses
daily
Therapeutic uses: Reserved for rapid
situations:
pulmonary edema associated with CHF,
edema of
hepatic, cardiac, or renal origin that's been
unresponsive to other diuretics, HTN not
controlled w other diuretics
*want to try thiazides for less emergent
first
A/E: Hyponatremia, hypochloremia,
dehydration,
hypokalemia - ***BBW- profound diuresis
and
electrolyte depletion
ØHypotension
ØOtotoxicity - unique to loop diuretics
Drug interactions:
ØDigoxin - in the presence of low
potassium
ØOtotoxic drugs
ØPotassium-sparing diuretics
Thiazide Diuretics Hydrochlorothiazide (microzia)
Chlorothiazide (diuril)
Methylclothiazide
,Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) MOA: Promotes urine production by
blocking the
reabsorption of Na2+ and Cl- in the early
segment
of the distal convoluted tubule
Pharmacokinetics: PO- diuresis begins in 2
hours,
peaks 4-6 hrs, persists up to 12 hrs,
12.5-25 mg/day
Therapeutic uses:
ØEssential HTN
ØEdema
A/E - similar to loop
ØHyponatremia, hypochloremia,
dehydration,
hypokalemia -
ØHypotension
Drug interactions
ØDigoxin - in the presence of low
potassium
ØPotassium-sparing diuretics
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Group of diuretics
, Spironolactone (Aldactone) potassium-sparing diuretic; aldosterone
antagonist
MOA: Blocks the actions of aldosterone in
the
distal nephron (retention of potassium and
increased excretion of sodium)
Pharmacokinetics:
ØPO- onset of diuresis 24-48 hrs, duration
48-72
hrs, 25-100 mg/ day
Therapeutic uses - usually used in combo
with
another diuretic to counteract K+ loss
ØHTN
ØEdema
ØHeart failure
A/E:
ØHyperkalemia
ØEndocrine effects - can act similar to
steroid
hormones
Drug interactions
ØThiazide and loop diuretics
ØAgents that raise K+
Mannitol osmotic diuretic
