CLEP Biology Examination Questions
and Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationales 2026 Q&A | Instant
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Question 1
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Ribosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP through cellular respiration.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages
proteins, and lysosomes digest cellular waste.
Question 2
DNA is composed of repeating units called:
A. Amino acids
B. Fatty acids
C. Nucleotides
D. Monosaccharides
,Answer: C. Nucleotides
Rationale: DNA consists of nucleotides, each containing a phosphate group,
deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
Question 3
Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
A. Adenine
B. Cytosine
C. Guanine
D. Uracil
Answer: D. Uracil
Rationale: RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. Uracil pairs with adenine
during RNA synthesis.
Question 4
Which molecule stores genetic information?
A. ATP
B. Protein
C. Lipid
D. DNA
Answer: D. DNA
Rationale: DNA stores hereditary information used to direct protein synthesis and
cell function.
Question 5
,The plasma membrane is primarily composed of:
A. Cellulose only
B. Protein only
C. Phospholipids and proteins
D. Starch and proteins
Answer: C. Phospholipids and proteins
Rationale: The plasma membrane follows the fluid mosaic model, consisting
mainly of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
Question 6
Which process moves water across a selectively permeable membrane?
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Endocytosis
D. Osmosis
Answer: D. Osmosis
Rationale: Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
Question 7
Which organelle synthesizes proteins?
A. Mitochondrion
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Vacuole
, Answer: C. Ribosome
Rationale: Ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins
during translation.
Question 8
Which phase of mitosis separates sister chromatids?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C. Anaphase
Rationale: During anaphase, spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart toward
opposite poles.
Question 9
The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy is:
A. Respiration
B. Fermentation
C. Digestion
D. Photosynthesis
Answer: D. Photosynthesis
Rationale: Photosynthesis converts sunlight into glucose using carbon dioxide and
water.
Question 10
and Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationales 2026 Q&A | Instant
Download Pdf
Question 1
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Ribosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP through cellular respiration.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages
proteins, and lysosomes digest cellular waste.
Question 2
DNA is composed of repeating units called:
A. Amino acids
B. Fatty acids
C. Nucleotides
D. Monosaccharides
,Answer: C. Nucleotides
Rationale: DNA consists of nucleotides, each containing a phosphate group,
deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
Question 3
Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
A. Adenine
B. Cytosine
C. Guanine
D. Uracil
Answer: D. Uracil
Rationale: RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. Uracil pairs with adenine
during RNA synthesis.
Question 4
Which molecule stores genetic information?
A. ATP
B. Protein
C. Lipid
D. DNA
Answer: D. DNA
Rationale: DNA stores hereditary information used to direct protein synthesis and
cell function.
Question 5
,The plasma membrane is primarily composed of:
A. Cellulose only
B. Protein only
C. Phospholipids and proteins
D. Starch and proteins
Answer: C. Phospholipids and proteins
Rationale: The plasma membrane follows the fluid mosaic model, consisting
mainly of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
Question 6
Which process moves water across a selectively permeable membrane?
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Endocytosis
D. Osmosis
Answer: D. Osmosis
Rationale: Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
Question 7
Which organelle synthesizes proteins?
A. Mitochondrion
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosome
D. Vacuole
, Answer: C. Ribosome
Rationale: Ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins
during translation.
Question 8
Which phase of mitosis separates sister chromatids?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C. Anaphase
Rationale: During anaphase, spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart toward
opposite poles.
Question 9
The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy is:
A. Respiration
B. Fermentation
C. Digestion
D. Photosynthesis
Answer: D. Photosynthesis
Rationale: Photosynthesis converts sunlight into glucose using carbon dioxide and
water.
Question 10
