NSG 3113 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide 2026 |
Complete Review | Graded A+
1. In a laboratory study, researchers are observing the effects of a new drug on
cell growth. If the drug promotes uncontrolled growth and genetic mutations,
which type of cells is it likely affecting?
Stem cells
Immune cells
Cancer cells
Normal cells
2. Describe how Turner syndrome affects physical development in affected
individuals.
Turner syndrome has no impact on physical development.
Turner syndrome causes individuals to have an extra limb.
Turner syndrome can lead to short stature and delayed puberty due
to the absence of one X chromosome.
Turner syndrome results in enhanced physical strength.
3. A patient reports a loss of sensation in the fingers and toes after being
exposed to cold temperatures. Upon assessment, the nurse observes the
injured area becoming white, waxy, and firm to the touch. What condition do
these signs and symptoms likely indicate?
Heat exhaustion
Frostbite
Hypothermia
Heatstroke
,4. When looking at the trachea of a patient with a history of smoking, the
ciliated cells are now non-ciliated. What is this cell adaptation?
Dysplasia
Anaplasia
Metaplasia
Hyperplasia
5. During a newborn assessment, a nurse notes that the baby has a cleft lip,
which was not detected in any ultrasounds. She continues with her
assessment, but notes that her first priority for cleft lip care of this baby is to:
Schedule the baby immediately for surgery
Notify the parents of the baby
Ensure adequate feeding by having specially shaped bottles and
teats
Refer to cleft lip services
6. Which of the following is an example of physiologic hyperplasia?
Post-menopausal endometrial thickening
Cervical epithelial changes induced by human papilloma virus
infection
Actinic keratosis formation following decades of sun exposure
Breast development in puberty
Enlarged cardiac myocytes in hypertension
7. If a new medication is developed to target a specific type of cancer, how
might researchers utilize the xenograft model to evaluate its effectiveness?
, Researchers would only observe the effects of the medication on
healthy cells.
Researchers would implant human cancer cells into
immunocompromised mice and then treat these mice with the new
medication to observe tumor response.
Researchers would conduct in vitro studies using only cell cultures
without animal models.
Researchers would analyze the genetic makeup of the cancer cells
without testing any treatments.
8. What term describes abnormalities in a fetus caused by environmental agents
acting on the aging oocyte?
Teratogenesis
Carcinogenesis
Apoptosis
Mutagenesis
9. The physical therapist is evaluating a male client who has increased his
muscle mass by exercising. The therapist understands this physiologic
process is known as:
physiologic hyperplasia.
physiologic hypertrophy.
metaplasia.
dysplasia.
10. Describe the relationship between genotype and phenotype in an
individual.
, Genotype and phenotype are identical terms for genetic traits.
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the
observable traits influenced by the genotype.
Genotype is determined solely by environmental factors.
Phenotype is the genetic sequence, while genotype is the physical
appearance.
11. Increased risk factor(s) for neural tube defects include:
I. Folic acid deficiency
II. Valproic acid use
III. Hyperthermia
IV. Monozygotic twins
I, II, III, and IV
I, II, and III
III and IV
I and II
12. If an adolescent presents with multiple café-au-lait spots and a family history
of Neurofibromatosis type 1, what should be the next step in management?
Referral to a dermatologist for cosmetic treatment
Regular skin examinations only
Genetic counseling and testing
Immediate surgical intervention
13. What is the primary concern for an infant with a cleft lip and palate
immediately after birth?
Feeding assistance
Complete Review | Graded A+
1. In a laboratory study, researchers are observing the effects of a new drug on
cell growth. If the drug promotes uncontrolled growth and genetic mutations,
which type of cells is it likely affecting?
Stem cells
Immune cells
Cancer cells
Normal cells
2. Describe how Turner syndrome affects physical development in affected
individuals.
Turner syndrome has no impact on physical development.
Turner syndrome causes individuals to have an extra limb.
Turner syndrome can lead to short stature and delayed puberty due
to the absence of one X chromosome.
Turner syndrome results in enhanced physical strength.
3. A patient reports a loss of sensation in the fingers and toes after being
exposed to cold temperatures. Upon assessment, the nurse observes the
injured area becoming white, waxy, and firm to the touch. What condition do
these signs and symptoms likely indicate?
Heat exhaustion
Frostbite
Hypothermia
Heatstroke
,4. When looking at the trachea of a patient with a history of smoking, the
ciliated cells are now non-ciliated. What is this cell adaptation?
Dysplasia
Anaplasia
Metaplasia
Hyperplasia
5. During a newborn assessment, a nurse notes that the baby has a cleft lip,
which was not detected in any ultrasounds. She continues with her
assessment, but notes that her first priority for cleft lip care of this baby is to:
Schedule the baby immediately for surgery
Notify the parents of the baby
Ensure adequate feeding by having specially shaped bottles and
teats
Refer to cleft lip services
6. Which of the following is an example of physiologic hyperplasia?
Post-menopausal endometrial thickening
Cervical epithelial changes induced by human papilloma virus
infection
Actinic keratosis formation following decades of sun exposure
Breast development in puberty
Enlarged cardiac myocytes in hypertension
7. If a new medication is developed to target a specific type of cancer, how
might researchers utilize the xenograft model to evaluate its effectiveness?
, Researchers would only observe the effects of the medication on
healthy cells.
Researchers would implant human cancer cells into
immunocompromised mice and then treat these mice with the new
medication to observe tumor response.
Researchers would conduct in vitro studies using only cell cultures
without animal models.
Researchers would analyze the genetic makeup of the cancer cells
without testing any treatments.
8. What term describes abnormalities in a fetus caused by environmental agents
acting on the aging oocyte?
Teratogenesis
Carcinogenesis
Apoptosis
Mutagenesis
9. The physical therapist is evaluating a male client who has increased his
muscle mass by exercising. The therapist understands this physiologic
process is known as:
physiologic hyperplasia.
physiologic hypertrophy.
metaplasia.
dysplasia.
10. Describe the relationship between genotype and phenotype in an
individual.
, Genotype and phenotype are identical terms for genetic traits.
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the
observable traits influenced by the genotype.
Genotype is determined solely by environmental factors.
Phenotype is the genetic sequence, while genotype is the physical
appearance.
11. Increased risk factor(s) for neural tube defects include:
I. Folic acid deficiency
II. Valproic acid use
III. Hyperthermia
IV. Monozygotic twins
I, II, III, and IV
I, II, and III
III and IV
I and II
12. If an adolescent presents with multiple café-au-lait spots and a family history
of Neurofibromatosis type 1, what should be the next step in management?
Referral to a dermatologist for cosmetic treatment
Regular skin examinations only
Genetic counseling and testing
Immediate surgical intervention
13. What is the primary concern for an infant with a cleft lip and palate
immediately after birth?
Feeding assistance
