NSG 350: GI Disorders (Chapters 56 & 57)
Exam Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
how many types of hernia's are two types
there? what are they called? - type 1 (sliding)
- type 2 (rolling)
what causes a hernia? when a portion of the stomach protrudes
upward
through the esophageal hiatus (opening in
the
diaphragm that the esophagus passes
through.
what are the clinical - strictures (esophageal narrowing)
manifestations - schatzki's rings (lower esophageal
of type 1 hernia? mucosal rings)
- Cameron lesions (gastric
erosions/ulcerations in
upper esophagus)
- heartburn
- regurgitation
- chest pain
- dusphagia
- belching
- anemia
,describe a type 1 hernia when there is widening of the hiatal tunnel
that
allows part of the cardiac portion of the
stomach
to herniate upward
- allows the stomach acids to come into
contact
with esophageal tissue.
what's the name of the Barrett's esophagus
premalignant
condition that can occur with a
type 1
hernia?
how are type 1 hernia's acquired trauma, hereditary weakness, or a
by? congenitally
large hiatus.
how do type 2 hernias (rolling) due to an anatomical defect that causes
occur? improper
anchoring of the stomach below the
diaphragm.
- sometimes part of the stomach can
herniate
above the diaphragm and into the chest in
rare
cases.
what are the clinical - feeling full after eating
manifestations - feeling breathless after eating
of a type 2 hernia? - feeling of suffocation
- chest pain that feels like angina
- increased symptoms when lying flat
, what is used to diagnose a hernia? - upper abdominal X-ray
- endoscopy
- esophagogastroduodenoscopy (views the
esophagus)
- barium swallow with fluoroscopy (most
specific
test)
- CT scan
what are the medications used to - Antacids (neutralize stomach acid)
help the symptoms of a hernia? - PPI's (acid production is reduced)
- Histamine receptor antagonists (acid
production
is decresed)
- Prokinetic meds (increased gastric
emptying)
does every hernia need surgical no
intervention? - type 1's can be medically managed, but
they do
grow over time.
- type 2's usually have to be surgically
treated due
to the risk of suffocation.
how do we surgically manage Gastric volvulus
hernias? - for type 2 hernias (medical emergency).
Laparoscopic Nissen findoplication (gold
standard)
- part of the stomach is wrapped around
the distal
esophagus to reinforce the LES.
- most common
Exam Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
how many types of hernia's are two types
there? what are they called? - type 1 (sliding)
- type 2 (rolling)
what causes a hernia? when a portion of the stomach protrudes
upward
through the esophageal hiatus (opening in
the
diaphragm that the esophagus passes
through.
what are the clinical - strictures (esophageal narrowing)
manifestations - schatzki's rings (lower esophageal
of type 1 hernia? mucosal rings)
- Cameron lesions (gastric
erosions/ulcerations in
upper esophagus)
- heartburn
- regurgitation
- chest pain
- dusphagia
- belching
- anemia
,describe a type 1 hernia when there is widening of the hiatal tunnel
that
allows part of the cardiac portion of the
stomach
to herniate upward
- allows the stomach acids to come into
contact
with esophageal tissue.
what's the name of the Barrett's esophagus
premalignant
condition that can occur with a
type 1
hernia?
how are type 1 hernia's acquired trauma, hereditary weakness, or a
by? congenitally
large hiatus.
how do type 2 hernias (rolling) due to an anatomical defect that causes
occur? improper
anchoring of the stomach below the
diaphragm.
- sometimes part of the stomach can
herniate
above the diaphragm and into the chest in
rare
cases.
what are the clinical - feeling full after eating
manifestations - feeling breathless after eating
of a type 2 hernia? - feeling of suffocation
- chest pain that feels like angina
- increased symptoms when lying flat
, what is used to diagnose a hernia? - upper abdominal X-ray
- endoscopy
- esophagogastroduodenoscopy (views the
esophagus)
- barium swallow with fluoroscopy (most
specific
test)
- CT scan
what are the medications used to - Antacids (neutralize stomach acid)
help the symptoms of a hernia? - PPI's (acid production is reduced)
- Histamine receptor antagonists (acid
production
is decresed)
- Prokinetic meds (increased gastric
emptying)
does every hernia need surgical no
intervention? - type 1's can be medically managed, but
they do
grow over time.
- type 2's usually have to be surgically
treated due
to the risk of suffocation.
how do we surgically manage Gastric volvulus
hernias? - for type 2 hernias (medical emergency).
Laparoscopic Nissen findoplication (gold
standard)
- part of the stomach is wrapped around
the distal
esophagus to reinforce the LES.
- most common
