NBME CBSE USMLE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Type II pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-surfactant (*lecithin*)
| | | | | |
Proliferate after injury | |
Type I progenitors
| |
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome* | | |
Polio live v killed vaccine - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Killed = Salk = IgG
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
| | | | | |
- can be shed in feces
| | | | |
Neonatal Respiratory Distress: | | |
Etiology + Tx - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
| | | | | | | | |
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
| | |
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
| | |
,Lung maturity determined with - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Amniocentesis
| | | | | |
of Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
| | | | |
L >> S
| |
Type I pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Squamous gas diffusion
| | | | | | |
Elastase in lungs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-macrophage: *lysosomes*
| | | | | |
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
| |
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Lysine
| | | | | | | |
interchain crosslinks
| |
air pressure and
| | |
intrapleural pressure at FRC - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Air pressure = 0
| | | | | | | | |
Intrapleural pressure = -5 | | |
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Exhale of
| | | | | | | | |
Tidal Volume
| |
Lung Compliance is decreased by - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-LHF,
| | | | | | |
pulmonary edema,
| | |
pulmonary fibrosis |
,Lung Compliance is increased by - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-emphysema,
| | | | | | |
age
|
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-DECREASE
| | | | | | | |
ERV & FRC
| |
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | |
pulmonary = systemic | |
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Bronchial
| | | | |
circulation causes
| | |
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV* | | |
than in pulmonary capillaries
| | |
More ventilation is at the - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-BASE
| | | | | | |
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-basic, cold, low
| | | | | | | |
2,3 BPG
| | |
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
| | |
, O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-low pH, high
| | | | | | | |
2,3BPG, high T
| | |
HOT, ACIDIC |
CO2 transport to lungs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*carbonic anhydrase*
| | | | | | |
Cl shift
|
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung | | | |
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue) | | | |
CO poisoning causes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-carboxyhemoglobin
| | | | | |
no affect on PaO2
| | |
Cyanide poisoning causes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-lactic acidosis
| | | | | |
How to treat cyanide poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*Amyl nitrite* -
| | | | | | | | |
-> Methemoglobin
|
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
| |
Normal A-a gradient - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-5-15
| | | | |
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude | | | | |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Type II pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-surfactant (*lecithin*)
| | | | | |
Proliferate after injury | |
Type I progenitors
| |
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome* | | |
Polio live v killed vaccine - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Killed = Salk = IgG
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
| | | | | |
- can be shed in feces
| | | | |
Neonatal Respiratory Distress: | | |
Etiology + Tx - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
| | | | | | | | |
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
| | |
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
| | |
,Lung maturity determined with - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Amniocentesis
| | | | | |
of Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
| | | | |
L >> S
| |
Type I pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Squamous gas diffusion
| | | | | | |
Elastase in lungs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-macrophage: *lysosomes*
| | | | | |
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
| |
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Lysine
| | | | | | | |
interchain crosslinks
| |
air pressure and
| | |
intrapleural pressure at FRC - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Air pressure = 0
| | | | | | | | |
Intrapleural pressure = -5 | | |
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Exhale of
| | | | | | | | |
Tidal Volume
| |
Lung Compliance is decreased by - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-LHF,
| | | | | | |
pulmonary edema,
| | |
pulmonary fibrosis |
,Lung Compliance is increased by - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-emphysema,
| | | | | | |
age
|
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-DECREASE
| | | | | | | |
ERV & FRC
| |
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | |
pulmonary = systemic | |
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Bronchial
| | | | |
circulation causes
| | |
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV* | | |
than in pulmonary capillaries
| | |
More ventilation is at the - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-BASE
| | | | | | |
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-basic, cold, low
| | | | | | | |
2,3 BPG
| | |
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
| | |
, O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-low pH, high
| | | | | | | |
2,3BPG, high T
| | |
HOT, ACIDIC |
CO2 transport to lungs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*carbonic anhydrase*
| | | | | | |
Cl shift
|
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung | | | |
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue) | | | |
CO poisoning causes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-carboxyhemoglobin
| | | | | |
no affect on PaO2
| | |
Cyanide poisoning causes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-lactic acidosis
| | | | | |
How to treat cyanide poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*Amyl nitrite* -
| | | | | | | | |
-> Methemoglobin
|
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
| |
Normal A-a gradient - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-5-15
| | | | |
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude | | | | |
