HESI Medical Surgical Nursing Final Exam
A Comprehensive Test Bank Review of 300
Questions with Answers and Rationales|
Guaranteed Pass
Table of Contents
1. Sleep and Sleep Disorders (Questions 1-15)
2. Infection Control and Transmission Precautions (Questions 16-35)
3. Pain Management (Questions 36-50)
4. Perfusion and Cardiovascular Disorders (Questions 51-85)
o Hypertension
o Peripheral Arterial Disease
o Aneurysms
o Aortic Dissection
o Varicose Veins
o Venous Insufficiency
o Deep Vein Thrombosis
5. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance (Questions 86-105)
6. Gas Exchange and Respiratory Disorders (Questions 106-130)
o Epistaxis
o Influenza
o COVID-19
o Tuberculosis
, 7. Head and Neck Trauma (Questions 131-135)
8. Perioperative Nursing (Questions 136-160)
9. Elimination (Questions 161-185)
o Urinary Elimination
o Bowel Elimination
10.Nutrition (Questions 186-200)
11.Mobility and Musculoskeletal Disorders (Questions 201-250)
o Osteoarthritis
o Osteoporosis
o Gout
o Total Knee Arthroplasty
12.Tissue Integrity and Pressure Injuries (Questions 251-280)
13.Sensory Perception (Questions 281-295)
14.Comprehensive Integrative Questions (Questions 296-300)
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to this comprehensive HESI Medical Surgical Nursing Final Exam
review. This resource contains 300 multiple-choice questions designed to test your
knowledge across all major content areas covered in medical-surgical nursing.
Each question is accompanied by a detailed rationale explaining the correct answer
and why the other options are incorrect. The questions are organized by topic to
facilitate systematic review, and they reflect the critical thinking and clinical
judgment required for success on the HESI exam and in nursing practice. Use this
resource to assess your understanding, identify knowledge gaps, and reinforce key
concepts. Good luck with your preparation!
,SECTION 1: SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Question 1
A nurse is teaching a client about sleep stages. Which statement indicates the client
understands the characteristics of REM sleep?
A) "REM sleep is when tissue repair and growth hormone release occur"
B) "REM sleep is the deepest stage of sleep where I am hardest to wake"
C) "REM sleep is when dreaming occurs and memory consolidation takes place"
D) "REM sleep occurs primarily in the first half of the night"
Answer: C
Rationale: REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is characterized by dreaming and
memory consolidation. Option A describes Stage 3 (deep sleep) where tissue repair
and growth hormone release occur. Option B is incorrect because REM sleep is not
the deepest stage; Stage 3 is the deepest. Option D is incorrect because REM sleep
periods lengthen throughout the night, with most REM occurring in the second
half.
Question 2
A client reports waking up tired every morning with a morning headache and
difficulty concentrating. Which sleep disorder should the nurse suspect?
A) Insomnia
B) Narcolepsy
C) Obstructive sleep apnea
D) Restless leg syndrome
Answer: C
Rationale: The subjective symptoms described (waking up tired, morning
headache, difficulty concentrating) are classic signs of obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA). These symptoms result from repeated airway obstruction during sleep
causing hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Insomnia (A) involves difficulty falling
or staying asleep. Narcolepsy (B) involves sudden sleep attacks. Restless leg
syndrome (D) involves uncomfortable leg sensations.
, Question 3
A nurse is assessing a client for obstructive sleep apnea. Which objective finding is
most consistent with this diagnosis?
A) Normal BMI and long neck
B) Thick and short neck with small jaw
C) Hypotension and bradycardia
D) Pale skin and cold extremities
Answer: B
Rationale: Objective findings for OSA include a high BMI, thick and short neck,
and small jaw (micrognathia). These anatomical features contribute to airway
narrowing and collapse during sleep. Option A describes findings not associated
with OSA. Option C is incorrect as hypertension (not hypotension) is associated
with OSA. Option D describes findings more consistent with peripheral vascular
issues.
Question 4
The definitive diagnostic test for obstructive sleep apnea is:
A) Chest X-ray
B) Sleep study (polysomnography)
C) Arterial blood gases
D) Pulmonary function tests
Answer: B
Rationale: A sleep study (polysomnography) is the gold standard diagnostic test
for OSA. It monitors brain waves, eye movements, heart rate, breathing patterns,
and oxygen levels during sleep to confirm the diagnosis and determine severity.
Chest X-ray (A) may show other conditions but not OSA. ABGs (C) and
pulmonary function tests (D) assess respiratory function but are not diagnostic for
OSA.
A Comprehensive Test Bank Review of 300
Questions with Answers and Rationales|
Guaranteed Pass
Table of Contents
1. Sleep and Sleep Disorders (Questions 1-15)
2. Infection Control and Transmission Precautions (Questions 16-35)
3. Pain Management (Questions 36-50)
4. Perfusion and Cardiovascular Disorders (Questions 51-85)
o Hypertension
o Peripheral Arterial Disease
o Aneurysms
o Aortic Dissection
o Varicose Veins
o Venous Insufficiency
o Deep Vein Thrombosis
5. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance (Questions 86-105)
6. Gas Exchange and Respiratory Disorders (Questions 106-130)
o Epistaxis
o Influenza
o COVID-19
o Tuberculosis
, 7. Head and Neck Trauma (Questions 131-135)
8. Perioperative Nursing (Questions 136-160)
9. Elimination (Questions 161-185)
o Urinary Elimination
o Bowel Elimination
10.Nutrition (Questions 186-200)
11.Mobility and Musculoskeletal Disorders (Questions 201-250)
o Osteoarthritis
o Osteoporosis
o Gout
o Total Knee Arthroplasty
12.Tissue Integrity and Pressure Injuries (Questions 251-280)
13.Sensory Perception (Questions 281-295)
14.Comprehensive Integrative Questions (Questions 296-300)
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to this comprehensive HESI Medical Surgical Nursing Final Exam
review. This resource contains 300 multiple-choice questions designed to test your
knowledge across all major content areas covered in medical-surgical nursing.
Each question is accompanied by a detailed rationale explaining the correct answer
and why the other options are incorrect. The questions are organized by topic to
facilitate systematic review, and they reflect the critical thinking and clinical
judgment required for success on the HESI exam and in nursing practice. Use this
resource to assess your understanding, identify knowledge gaps, and reinforce key
concepts. Good luck with your preparation!
,SECTION 1: SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Question 1
A nurse is teaching a client about sleep stages. Which statement indicates the client
understands the characteristics of REM sleep?
A) "REM sleep is when tissue repair and growth hormone release occur"
B) "REM sleep is the deepest stage of sleep where I am hardest to wake"
C) "REM sleep is when dreaming occurs and memory consolidation takes place"
D) "REM sleep occurs primarily in the first half of the night"
Answer: C
Rationale: REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is characterized by dreaming and
memory consolidation. Option A describes Stage 3 (deep sleep) where tissue repair
and growth hormone release occur. Option B is incorrect because REM sleep is not
the deepest stage; Stage 3 is the deepest. Option D is incorrect because REM sleep
periods lengthen throughout the night, with most REM occurring in the second
half.
Question 2
A client reports waking up tired every morning with a morning headache and
difficulty concentrating. Which sleep disorder should the nurse suspect?
A) Insomnia
B) Narcolepsy
C) Obstructive sleep apnea
D) Restless leg syndrome
Answer: C
Rationale: The subjective symptoms described (waking up tired, morning
headache, difficulty concentrating) are classic signs of obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA). These symptoms result from repeated airway obstruction during sleep
causing hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Insomnia (A) involves difficulty falling
or staying asleep. Narcolepsy (B) involves sudden sleep attacks. Restless leg
syndrome (D) involves uncomfortable leg sensations.
, Question 3
A nurse is assessing a client for obstructive sleep apnea. Which objective finding is
most consistent with this diagnosis?
A) Normal BMI and long neck
B) Thick and short neck with small jaw
C) Hypotension and bradycardia
D) Pale skin and cold extremities
Answer: B
Rationale: Objective findings for OSA include a high BMI, thick and short neck,
and small jaw (micrognathia). These anatomical features contribute to airway
narrowing and collapse during sleep. Option A describes findings not associated
with OSA. Option C is incorrect as hypertension (not hypotension) is associated
with OSA. Option D describes findings more consistent with peripheral vascular
issues.
Question 4
The definitive diagnostic test for obstructive sleep apnea is:
A) Chest X-ray
B) Sleep study (polysomnography)
C) Arterial blood gases
D) Pulmonary function tests
Answer: B
Rationale: A sleep study (polysomnography) is the gold standard diagnostic test
for OSA. It monitors brain waves, eye movements, heart rate, breathing patterns,
and oxygen levels during sleep to confirm the diagnosis and determine severity.
Chest X-ray (A) may show other conditions but not OSA. ABGs (C) and
pulmonary function tests (D) assess respiratory function but are not diagnostic for
OSA.
