GN 311 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Friedrich Miescher - Answers - First isolated DNA in 1869 from white blood cells, he
called in nuclein and noted that it was acidic and high is phosphorus
Albrecht Kossel - Answers - Discovered the four nitrogenous bases in 1901 (adenine,
guanine, cytosine, and thymine)
Phoebus Levene - Answers - Discovered that DNA is make of nucleotides made up of a
phosphate attached to a sugar attached to a base, proposed the tetranucleotide
structure in 1910
Protein - Answers - ________ was originally thought to be the genetic material because
it is abundant in cells, variable, and easily accepted for transmission genetics.
Transformation - Answers - Griffith (1928) discovered that when a heat-killed virus is
mixed with a nonvirulent version, something occurs between to two substances that
makes the nonvirulent version virulent (thus killing the mouse)
Transforming Principle - Answers - Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944) decided that
DNA is the ________ ______ because only DNase destroyed the transforming material
Hershey and Chase - Answers - In 1952 these two guys discovered the DNA is the
Gentic Agent in Bacteriophages by labeling phages with either protein or DNA, and then
infected unlabeled cells and seeing that DNA was the label passed on (not protein)
RNA - Answers - Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Bea Singer (1956) discovered that ____ is
the genetic material in RNA viruses (Tobacco mosiac virus) by using either RNA or
proteins to infect progeny
Yanofsky - Answers - Discovered that DNA and proteins are colinear
Dogma - Answers - The central _____ is that DNA replicates, allowing DNA to be
transcribed into RNA (tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, etc) and mRNA to be translated into
proteins
Viruses - Answers - In some ______ RNA can transfer information to DNA instead
X-ray - Answers - In _____ diffraction studies Maurice WIlkins and Rosalind Franklin
were able to see the structure of DNA and found a helical structure 2 nm wide
, Watson and Crick - Answers - Created the functional model of DNA structure in 1953, in
which two strands of nucleotides have base pairing (T-A) and (C-G)
Deoxyribose - Answers - Has an OH missing on the 2nd C clockwise from the O in the
ring
Ribose - Answers - Has an OH on the 2nd C clockwise from the O in the ring
Purines - Answers - Have two rings and include Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine - Answers - Have one ring and include Cytosine and Thymine (or Uracil in
place of Thymine in RNA)
Necleoside - Answers - Made up of JUST the sugar and nitrogenous bse
Nucleotide - Answers - Made up of the sugar, base, and phosphate backbone
Adenine and Thymine - Answers - These two complementary base pairs are bonded
with two hydrogen bonds
Cytosine and Guanine - Answers - These two complementary base pairs are bonded
with three hydrogen bonds
Phosphodiester bonds - Answers - The bonds that join the sugar-phosphate backbones
of DNA, they connect the 5'-phosphate groups to the 3'- OH groups on adjoining
nucleotides
3.4 - Answers - Twists of the DNA plectonic coil are this many nm apart from one
another
.34 - Answers - Base pairs in DNA are this many nm from one another
Antiparallel - Answers - Strands in DNA run ______ to one another
Hydrophobic - Answers - Bases are _______ causing them to stay in the center of DNA
strands
Hydrophilic - Answers - Backbone is ______ causing it to stay to the outside of strands
Major and minor - Answers - The grooves in DNA molecules can be both ________ ___
_______
Perpendicular - Answers - Flat base paris lie _____ to the sugar-phosphate backbone of
DNA allowing the hydrophobic interactions to stabilize the double helix
10 - Answers - B-DNA is ___ base pairs per turn and right handed (regular DNA)
ANSWERS
Friedrich Miescher - Answers - First isolated DNA in 1869 from white blood cells, he
called in nuclein and noted that it was acidic and high is phosphorus
Albrecht Kossel - Answers - Discovered the four nitrogenous bases in 1901 (adenine,
guanine, cytosine, and thymine)
Phoebus Levene - Answers - Discovered that DNA is make of nucleotides made up of a
phosphate attached to a sugar attached to a base, proposed the tetranucleotide
structure in 1910
Protein - Answers - ________ was originally thought to be the genetic material because
it is abundant in cells, variable, and easily accepted for transmission genetics.
Transformation - Answers - Griffith (1928) discovered that when a heat-killed virus is
mixed with a nonvirulent version, something occurs between to two substances that
makes the nonvirulent version virulent (thus killing the mouse)
Transforming Principle - Answers - Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944) decided that
DNA is the ________ ______ because only DNase destroyed the transforming material
Hershey and Chase - Answers - In 1952 these two guys discovered the DNA is the
Gentic Agent in Bacteriophages by labeling phages with either protein or DNA, and then
infected unlabeled cells and seeing that DNA was the label passed on (not protein)
RNA - Answers - Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Bea Singer (1956) discovered that ____ is
the genetic material in RNA viruses (Tobacco mosiac virus) by using either RNA or
proteins to infect progeny
Yanofsky - Answers - Discovered that DNA and proteins are colinear
Dogma - Answers - The central _____ is that DNA replicates, allowing DNA to be
transcribed into RNA (tRNA, mRNA, rRNA, etc) and mRNA to be translated into
proteins
Viruses - Answers - In some ______ RNA can transfer information to DNA instead
X-ray - Answers - In _____ diffraction studies Maurice WIlkins and Rosalind Franklin
were able to see the structure of DNA and found a helical structure 2 nm wide
, Watson and Crick - Answers - Created the functional model of DNA structure in 1953, in
which two strands of nucleotides have base pairing (T-A) and (C-G)
Deoxyribose - Answers - Has an OH missing on the 2nd C clockwise from the O in the
ring
Ribose - Answers - Has an OH on the 2nd C clockwise from the O in the ring
Purines - Answers - Have two rings and include Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine - Answers - Have one ring and include Cytosine and Thymine (or Uracil in
place of Thymine in RNA)
Necleoside - Answers - Made up of JUST the sugar and nitrogenous bse
Nucleotide - Answers - Made up of the sugar, base, and phosphate backbone
Adenine and Thymine - Answers - These two complementary base pairs are bonded
with two hydrogen bonds
Cytosine and Guanine - Answers - These two complementary base pairs are bonded
with three hydrogen bonds
Phosphodiester bonds - Answers - The bonds that join the sugar-phosphate backbones
of DNA, they connect the 5'-phosphate groups to the 3'- OH groups on adjoining
nucleotides
3.4 - Answers - Twists of the DNA plectonic coil are this many nm apart from one
another
.34 - Answers - Base pairs in DNA are this many nm from one another
Antiparallel - Answers - Strands in DNA run ______ to one another
Hydrophobic - Answers - Bases are _______ causing them to stay in the center of DNA
strands
Hydrophilic - Answers - Backbone is ______ causing it to stay to the outside of strands
Major and minor - Answers - The grooves in DNA molecules can be both ________ ___
_______
Perpendicular - Answers - Flat base paris lie _____ to the sugar-phosphate backbone of
DNA allowing the hydrophobic interactions to stabilize the double helix
10 - Answers - B-DNA is ___ base pairs per turn and right handed (regular DNA)
