,BIOD 121 Module 4 Practice Exam Essentials in Nutrition
Portage Learning 100 Questions with Correct Answers & Expert
Rationales 2026 Edition
This practice exam contains 100 questions designed to help you prepare
for the BIOD 121 Module 4 Exam at Portage Learning. Questions cover
vitamins, minerals, water balance, bioavailability, and related nutrition
concepts. Each question includes the Correct Answer and a detailed Expert
Rationale.
SECTION A: Vitamins – Fat Soluble (Questions 1–20)
Question 1
Fat-soluble vitamins have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
A) They are organic
B) They are dependent on fat intake
C) Are absorbed into the lymph system
D) Are vulnerable to cooking losses
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are organic compounds
that require dietary fat for absorption, are absorbed into the lymphatic
system, and are stored in the body's adipose tissue and liver. They
are not particularly vulnerable to cooking losses—that is a characteristic
,of water-soluble vitamins, which can be leached out during cooking or
destroyed by heat.
Question 2
Fat-soluble vitamins have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
A) They are inorganic
B) They do not readily dissolve in water
C) Are absorbed into the lymph system
D) Are stored in large quantities
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamins are organic compounds, not
inorganic. They are hydrophobic (do not readily dissolve in water),
absorbed into the lymphatic system, and stored in significant amounts in
adipose tissue and the liver.
Question 3
Lack of this vitamin can lead to rickets in children and osteoporosis in
adults:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
, Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children
(characterized by soft, weak bones and skeletal deformities)
and osteomalacia/osteoporosis in adults (bone softening and increased
fracture risk). Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone
mineralization.
Question 4
Xerophthalmia is a result of a deficiency of which vitamin?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: Xerophthalmia is a progressive eye disease caused by
vitamin A deficiency. It begins with night blindness and can progress to
dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea, leading to permanent blindness if
untreated.
Question 5
Which vitamin is important in the formation of collagen?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
Portage Learning 100 Questions with Correct Answers & Expert
Rationales 2026 Edition
This practice exam contains 100 questions designed to help you prepare
for the BIOD 121 Module 4 Exam at Portage Learning. Questions cover
vitamins, minerals, water balance, bioavailability, and related nutrition
concepts. Each question includes the Correct Answer and a detailed Expert
Rationale.
SECTION A: Vitamins – Fat Soluble (Questions 1–20)
Question 1
Fat-soluble vitamins have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
A) They are organic
B) They are dependent on fat intake
C) Are absorbed into the lymph system
D) Are vulnerable to cooking losses
Correct Answer: D
Expert Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are organic compounds
that require dietary fat for absorption, are absorbed into the lymphatic
system, and are stored in the body's adipose tissue and liver. They
are not particularly vulnerable to cooking losses—that is a characteristic
,of water-soluble vitamins, which can be leached out during cooking or
destroyed by heat.
Question 2
Fat-soluble vitamins have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
A) They are inorganic
B) They do not readily dissolve in water
C) Are absorbed into the lymph system
D) Are stored in large quantities
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: Fat-soluble vitamins are organic compounds, not
inorganic. They are hydrophobic (do not readily dissolve in water),
absorbed into the lymphatic system, and stored in significant amounts in
adipose tissue and the liver.
Question 3
Lack of this vitamin can lead to rickets in children and osteoporosis in
adults:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
, Correct Answer: B
Expert Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children
(characterized by soft, weak bones and skeletal deformities)
and osteomalacia/osteoporosis in adults (bone softening and increased
fracture risk). Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone
mineralization.
Question 4
Xerophthalmia is a result of a deficiency of which vitamin?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A
Expert Rationale: Xerophthalmia is a progressive eye disease caused by
vitamin A deficiency. It begins with night blindness and can progress to
dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea, leading to permanent blindness if
untreated.
Question 5
Which vitamin is important in the formation of collagen?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
