Clt-lana exam questions with detailed answer key for (2025|2026) exam, a+
solutions
Stage 1 Lipedema - -Fat
Swelling resolves with rest/elevation
--Stage 2 Lipedema - -Peau' d' orange
Easy bruising
Less resolution w/ rest and elevation
--Stage 3 Lipedema - -Fibrosclerosis- hard connective tissue
LARGE mass of skin
Swelling doesn't recede
--Stage 4 Lipedema - -Fibrosclerosis/Elephantitis
LARGER Masses of skin overhang
LIPO-LYMPHEDEMA (becomes lymphedema at this stage)
--Columnar pants - -column like swelling with lipedema
--Harem pants (pantaloons) - -like princess Jazmine pants in Aladin lipedema
--jodhpurs (riding breeches) - -big hips and smaller calfs lipedema
--Lymphedema Stage 0 AKA - -Subclinical or Latent Stage
--Lymphedema Stage 0 Characteristics - --No swelling
-Reduced TC and functional reserve
-Normal tissue consistency but US can reveal changes
-May have heaviness, achiness, warmth (Transient symptoms)
-Education/prevention
--Lymphedema Stage 1 AKA - -Reversible Stage
--Lymphedema Stage 1 Characteristics - --Pitting edema that goes down w/ elevation or
treatment
heavy, aching, fatigued
-Puffy
Goal-reduce edema
- negative or borderline stemmer sign
--Lymphedema Stage 2 AKA - -Spontaneously Irreversible Stage
--Lymphedema Stage 2 Characteristics - --FIBROSIS
-Hard, lumpy, thickened, sludgy tissue
-Non-pitting.
-Edema that can be partially reduced or is irreversible
-Prone to infections
, --Lymphedema Stage 3 AKA - -Elephantiasis or
Sclerotic Lymphedema
--Lymphedema Stage 3 Characteristics - --SECONDARY SKIN CHANGES
-Trigger is infection/cellulitis
-Skin folds/distorted shapes
-Severe skin changes- papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis, lichenification, hyperpigmentation
--Initial Lymphatics AKA - -Lymph Plexus
initial lymph collectors
initial lymph vessels
--Initial Lymphatics Characterisitics - -LOCATED: Just under epitheal layer of epidermis and in
the subendothelial lining of mucous membranes
-LARGER THAN BCs
-PICK UP LLs
-Irregular lumen with a discontinuous basement membrane of a single layer of flat oak leaf
in shape LECs
--PRE-COLLECTORS - --FOUND in- superficial portions of the dermis & end at the collectors in
the subcutaneous tissue
-CONNECT initial lymphatics to collectors
-Has some smooth muscle and some valves
-Has some open junctions
--COLLECTORS - -Bring lymph to Lnn and trunks
HAVE DEVELOPED VALVES
Run parallel and bring lymph fluid distal to proximal
Deep collectors draining the deeper tissues & organs
Superficial collectors drain the skin or superficial tissue
3 LAYERS
Intima- endothelial cells and a basal membrane.
Media- Smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers.
Adventia- Collagen fibers and other cells (macrophages, neurons, and dendritic cells)
Have open junctions in wall of the collectors allowing for a minimal amount of solutes to
escape,
like proteins.
--Lymphatic Trunks - -Drain into larger vessels located in deep fascia and or organs
solutions
Stage 1 Lipedema - -Fat
Swelling resolves with rest/elevation
--Stage 2 Lipedema - -Peau' d' orange
Easy bruising
Less resolution w/ rest and elevation
--Stage 3 Lipedema - -Fibrosclerosis- hard connective tissue
LARGE mass of skin
Swelling doesn't recede
--Stage 4 Lipedema - -Fibrosclerosis/Elephantitis
LARGER Masses of skin overhang
LIPO-LYMPHEDEMA (becomes lymphedema at this stage)
--Columnar pants - -column like swelling with lipedema
--Harem pants (pantaloons) - -like princess Jazmine pants in Aladin lipedema
--jodhpurs (riding breeches) - -big hips and smaller calfs lipedema
--Lymphedema Stage 0 AKA - -Subclinical or Latent Stage
--Lymphedema Stage 0 Characteristics - --No swelling
-Reduced TC and functional reserve
-Normal tissue consistency but US can reveal changes
-May have heaviness, achiness, warmth (Transient symptoms)
-Education/prevention
--Lymphedema Stage 1 AKA - -Reversible Stage
--Lymphedema Stage 1 Characteristics - --Pitting edema that goes down w/ elevation or
treatment
heavy, aching, fatigued
-Puffy
Goal-reduce edema
- negative or borderline stemmer sign
--Lymphedema Stage 2 AKA - -Spontaneously Irreversible Stage
--Lymphedema Stage 2 Characteristics - --FIBROSIS
-Hard, lumpy, thickened, sludgy tissue
-Non-pitting.
-Edema that can be partially reduced or is irreversible
-Prone to infections
, --Lymphedema Stage 3 AKA - -Elephantiasis or
Sclerotic Lymphedema
--Lymphedema Stage 3 Characteristics - --SECONDARY SKIN CHANGES
-Trigger is infection/cellulitis
-Skin folds/distorted shapes
-Severe skin changes- papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis, lichenification, hyperpigmentation
--Initial Lymphatics AKA - -Lymph Plexus
initial lymph collectors
initial lymph vessels
--Initial Lymphatics Characterisitics - -LOCATED: Just under epitheal layer of epidermis and in
the subendothelial lining of mucous membranes
-LARGER THAN BCs
-PICK UP LLs
-Irregular lumen with a discontinuous basement membrane of a single layer of flat oak leaf
in shape LECs
--PRE-COLLECTORS - --FOUND in- superficial portions of the dermis & end at the collectors in
the subcutaneous tissue
-CONNECT initial lymphatics to collectors
-Has some smooth muscle and some valves
-Has some open junctions
--COLLECTORS - -Bring lymph to Lnn and trunks
HAVE DEVELOPED VALVES
Run parallel and bring lymph fluid distal to proximal
Deep collectors draining the deeper tissues & organs
Superficial collectors drain the skin or superficial tissue
3 LAYERS
Intima- endothelial cells and a basal membrane.
Media- Smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers.
Adventia- Collagen fibers and other cells (macrophages, neurons, and dendritic cells)
Have open junctions in wall of the collectors allowing for a minimal amount of solutes to
escape,
like proteins.
--Lymphatic Trunks - -Drain into larger vessels located in deep fascia and or organs
