, TESTBANK FOR Milstead's Health Policy and Politics A Nurse's Guide
Eighth Edition Short
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
,File: chap01, Chapter 1
Import Settings:
Base Settings: Brownstone Default
Information Field: Complexity
Information Field: Ahead
Information Field: Subject
Information Field: Title
Information Field: Taxonomy
Highest Answer Letter: D
Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No
NAS ISBN13: 9781284305463, add to Ahead, Title tags
Chapter: Chapter 01
Multiple Choice
1. The purpose of public policy is to:
A) use political savvy to influence governmental action.
B) appeal to the private sector in order to gain funding.
C) direct problems to the government to secure a response.
D) provide direction for the philosophy of bureaucratic organizations.
Ans: C
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Is Nurse Clinical Practice Political?
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
2. What is the final step in the process of policymaking?
A) Evaluation of policy outcomes
B) Agenda setting
C) Policy implementation
D) Policy analysis
Ans: A
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Policy as a Process
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
3. Which of the following best explains why interpreting laws can be difficult for agencies?
A) Agencies do not have the authority to interpret laws.
B) Laws are written in simple, everyday language that is easily misunderstood.
C) Laws are often passed quickly and use complex legislative language.
D) Agencies are not trained in understanding statutory language.
Ans: C
Complexity: Moderate
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap01, Chapter 1
Ahead: Understanding Policy Instruments
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Understanding
4. Which of the following is often cited as the main reason for failing to deal with political factors affecting
health?
A) Inadequate regulations
B) Lack of political will
C) Limited public awareness
D) Overregulation of data sharing
Ans: B
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Public Policy, Political Determinants of Health, and Clinical Practice
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
True/False
1. True or False? The steps in the policy process are necessarily sequential or logical.
Ans: False
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Policy as a Process
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
2. True or False? In 2022, there were over 5 million registered nurses in the United States, but only 76
served as members of state legislatures.
Ans: True
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Why Politics?
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
3. True or False? Nurses represent the smallest group of health care workers in the nation.
Ans: False
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Practice and Policy
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap01, Chapter 1
4. True or False? Nurses are often able to influence healthcare policy because they bring both personal
stories and research-based evidence to policymakers.
Ans: True
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Practice and Policy
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Understanding
Fill-in-the-Blank
1. Laws, or __________, are types of policy entities that serve as legal directives for public and private
behavior.
Ans: statutes
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Understanding Policy Instruments
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
2. In general, the drivers of the social determinants of health (SDoH) are __________ decisions.
Ans: political
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Public Policy, Political Determinants of Health, and Clinical Practice
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
3. The largest labor union representing nurses in the United State is National Nurses __________.
Ans: United
Alternate ans: NNU
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Organizational Involvement
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
Essay
1. For nurses who are serious about political activity, what is the key to establishing contacts with
legislators and agency directors?
Ans: Nurses who are serious about political activity realize that the key to establishing contacts with
legislators and agency bureaucrats is to forge ongoing relationships with elected and appointed officials
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap01, Chapter 1
and their staff. By developing credibility with those active in the political process and demonstrating
integrity as patient/client advocates, nurses are players in the complex process of policymaking.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Conclusion
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Understanding
2. Define policy.
Ans: Policy is a consciously chosen course of action: a law, regulation, rule, procedure, administrative
action, incentive, or voluntary practice of governments and other institutions.
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Is Nurse Clinical Practice Political?
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
3. Why are nurses considered the right people to inform policy?
Ans: Nurses are considered the right people to inform policy because they have unique, direct, and
extensive experience with patients across diverse communities, allowing them to discover firsthand how
healthcare policies impact individuals and identify systemic barriers that contribute to health inequities,
making their insights invaluable for developing effective and patient-centered policies.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Why You Are the Right Person to Influence Health Policy
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Understanding
4. How do nurses contribute to political activism?
Ans: Nurses have an opportunity to share their own opinions and provide information from their own
practices through active participation in organizations. This give-and-take builds knowledge and
confidence when nurses help legislators and others interpret issues.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Organizational Involvement
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Understanding
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap02, Chapter 2
Import Settings:
Base Settings: Brownstone Default
Information Field: Complexity
Information Field: Ahead
Information Field: Subject
Information Field: Title
Information Field: Taxonomy
Highest Answer Letter: D
Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No
NAS ISBN13: 9781284305463, add to Ahead, Title tags
Chapter: Chapter 02
Multiple Choice
1. A journalist writes a story about the expansion of Medicaid in the state. The majority of sources cited
oppose the expansion, describing it as financially irresponsible for the state. The journalist frames the
story in a way that makes the expansion appear undesirable. This story demonstrates:
A) attribution bias.
B) ideological bias.
C) infotainment.
D) lack of media literacy.
Ans: B
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Bias Within the Media
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
2. A patient was recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The healthcare provider
suggests a number of dietary changes, but the patient wants pharmacologic treatment instead. The
patient searches online and finds an article that supports their viewpoint. The patient stops looking for
evidence and calls her care provider. This best represents which of the following?
A) Attribution bias
B) Ideological bias
C) Self-serving bias
D) Confirmation bias
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Personal and Cognitive Biases
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Applying
3. Which of the following would be considered a form of gray literature?
A) An unpublished research report
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap02, Chapter 2
B) An article published in a peer-reviewed journal
C) A research study that has produced negative results
D) An article printed in a newspaper summarizing new research
Ans: A
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Types of Media
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
True/False
1. True or False? When a healthcare provider explains the risks of a surgical procedure, they intentionally
state that it has an 80% success rate, rather than stating it has a 20% failure rate. This is an example of
the framing effect.
Ans: True
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Personal and Cognitive Biases
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
2. True or False? A person who believes that it is better to keep an imperfect system rather than the
disruption of change is displaying the anchoring bias.
Ans: False
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Personal and Cognitive Biases
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
3. True or False? Traditional AI differs from generative AI in that it uses preset algorithms and is rules-
based.
Ans: True
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Media
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Remembering
4. True or False? Popular literature is written by researchers who are experts in their field written.
Ans: False
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Types of Media
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap02, Chapter 2
Taxonomy: Remembering
Fill-in-the-Blank
1. Clickbait and propaganda fall under the umbrella of __________ news.
Ans: fake
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Fake News, Lies, and Propaganda: What Is the Difference?
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Remembering
2. Policy institutes, often referred to as “think __________,” identify, research, and evaluate issues and
make recommendations that often guide public policy.
Ans: tanks
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Think Tanks
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Remembering
3. Given the many ways a story can be slanted to emphasize a point or to gain the approval of the
audience, nurses must develop __________ literacy to discern truth from fiction.
Ans: media
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Strategies to Minimize Bias
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Remembering
4. The __________ effect is a cognitive bias that influences our impression of someone based on how we
feel about their character.
Ans: halo
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Personal and Cognitive Biases
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Remembering
Essay
1. Why is understanding the mainstream media bias critical for health policy news?
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
, File: chap02, Chapter 2
Ans: Mainstream media bias influences large numbers of people. It results when information that is
printed, stated, or televised by a few large news media outlets becomes information that is printed, stated,
or televised by other outlets. Understanding that mainstream media bias can influence, and dominate,
health policy news is critical in the thoughtful consumption of media.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Mainstream Media Ideology versus Bias
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
2. How do values, beliefs, and opinions contribute to the development of bias, and why is recognizing
bias important?
Ans: A value is a concept that we consider to be important; values may be personal values or societal
values. They give us standards to live by. Beliefs are thoughts or statements that individuals hold to be
true regardless of whether they can be seen or felt or proven. Bias develops from these opinions, values,
and beliefs and may be influenced by what we read and encounter in the media. We must recognize that
we are not, nor can we make ourselves, a blank page. If we are unaware of bias, we are unaware of the
dangers it may create.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Exploring Types of Bias
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
3. What type of government do Libertarians advocate for?
Ans: Libertarians advocate a much smaller government; one that is limited to protecting individuals from
coercion and violence and tend to embrace individual responsibility, oppose government bureaucracy and
taxes, promote private charity, tolerate diverse lifestyles, support the free market, and defend civil
liberties.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Bias Within the Media
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
4. How do anchoring bias and attribution bias differ in terms of their impact on decision making and
perception?
Ans: Anchoring bias occurs when an individual bases their view of something based on preexisting
information. The preexisting information ‘anchors’ the person’s opinion.
Attribution bias comes into play when a person decides that an occurrence was caused by an individual
characteristic of a person or was the result of a specific situation or circumstance. Attribution bias causes
a person not to consider the bigger picture.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Personal and Cognitive Biases
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
Eighth Edition Short
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
,File: chap01, Chapter 1
Import Settings:
Base Settings: Brownstone Default
Information Field: Complexity
Information Field: Ahead
Information Field: Subject
Information Field: Title
Information Field: Taxonomy
Highest Answer Letter: D
Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No
NAS ISBN13: 9781284305463, add to Ahead, Title tags
Chapter: Chapter 01
Multiple Choice
1. The purpose of public policy is to:
A) use political savvy to influence governmental action.
B) appeal to the private sector in order to gain funding.
C) direct problems to the government to secure a response.
D) provide direction for the philosophy of bureaucratic organizations.
Ans: C
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Is Nurse Clinical Practice Political?
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
2. What is the final step in the process of policymaking?
A) Evaluation of policy outcomes
B) Agenda setting
C) Policy implementation
D) Policy analysis
Ans: A
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Policy as a Process
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
3. Which of the following best explains why interpreting laws can be difficult for agencies?
A) Agencies do not have the authority to interpret laws.
B) Laws are written in simple, everyday language that is easily misunderstood.
C) Laws are often passed quickly and use complex legislative language.
D) Agencies are not trained in understanding statutory language.
Ans: C
Complexity: Moderate
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap01, Chapter 1
Ahead: Understanding Policy Instruments
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Understanding
4. Which of the following is often cited as the main reason for failing to deal with political factors affecting
health?
A) Inadequate regulations
B) Lack of political will
C) Limited public awareness
D) Overregulation of data sharing
Ans: B
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Public Policy, Political Determinants of Health, and Clinical Practice
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
True/False
1. True or False? The steps in the policy process are necessarily sequential or logical.
Ans: False
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Policy as a Process
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
2. True or False? In 2022, there were over 5 million registered nurses in the United States, but only 76
served as members of state legislatures.
Ans: True
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Why Politics?
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
3. True or False? Nurses represent the smallest group of health care workers in the nation.
Ans: False
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Practice and Policy
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap01, Chapter 1
4. True or False? Nurses are often able to influence healthcare policy because they bring both personal
stories and research-based evidence to policymakers.
Ans: True
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Practice and Policy
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Understanding
Fill-in-the-Blank
1. Laws, or __________, are types of policy entities that serve as legal directives for public and private
behavior.
Ans: statutes
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Understanding Policy Instruments
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
2. In general, the drivers of the social determinants of health (SDoH) are __________ decisions.
Ans: political
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Public Policy, Political Determinants of Health, and Clinical Practice
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
3. The largest labor union representing nurses in the United State is National Nurses __________.
Ans: United
Alternate ans: NNU
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Organizational Involvement
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
Essay
1. For nurses who are serious about political activity, what is the key to establishing contacts with
legislators and agency directors?
Ans: Nurses who are serious about political activity realize that the key to establishing contacts with
legislators and agency bureaucrats is to forge ongoing relationships with elected and appointed officials
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap01, Chapter 1
and their staff. By developing credibility with those active in the political process and demonstrating
integrity as patient/client advocates, nurses are players in the complex process of policymaking.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Conclusion
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Understanding
2. Define policy.
Ans: Policy is a consciously chosen course of action: a law, regulation, rule, procedure, administrative
action, incentive, or voluntary practice of governments and other institutions.
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Is Nurse Clinical Practice Political?
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Remembering
3. Why are nurses considered the right people to inform policy?
Ans: Nurses are considered the right people to inform policy because they have unique, direct, and
extensive experience with patients across diverse communities, allowing them to discover firsthand how
healthcare policies impact individuals and identify systemic barriers that contribute to health inequities,
making their insights invaluable for developing effective and patient-centered policies.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Why You Are the Right Person to Influence Health Policy
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Understanding
4. How do nurses contribute to political activism?
Ans: Nurses have an opportunity to share their own opinions and provide information from their own
practices through active participation in organizations. This give-and-take builds knowledge and
confidence when nurses help legislators and others interpret issues.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Organizational Involvement
Subject: Chapter 1
Title: The Policy Process: Nurses Shaping Health Policy
Taxonomy: Understanding
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap02, Chapter 2
Import Settings:
Base Settings: Brownstone Default
Information Field: Complexity
Information Field: Ahead
Information Field: Subject
Information Field: Title
Information Field: Taxonomy
Highest Answer Letter: D
Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No
NAS ISBN13: 9781284305463, add to Ahead, Title tags
Chapter: Chapter 02
Multiple Choice
1. A journalist writes a story about the expansion of Medicaid in the state. The majority of sources cited
oppose the expansion, describing it as financially irresponsible for the state. The journalist frames the
story in a way that makes the expansion appear undesirable. This story demonstrates:
A) attribution bias.
B) ideological bias.
C) infotainment.
D) lack of media literacy.
Ans: B
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Bias Within the Media
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
2. A patient was recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The healthcare provider
suggests a number of dietary changes, but the patient wants pharmacologic treatment instead. The
patient searches online and finds an article that supports their viewpoint. The patient stops looking for
evidence and calls her care provider. This best represents which of the following?
A) Attribution bias
B) Ideological bias
C) Self-serving bias
D) Confirmation bias
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Personal and Cognitive Biases
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Applying
3. Which of the following would be considered a form of gray literature?
A) An unpublished research report
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap02, Chapter 2
B) An article published in a peer-reviewed journal
C) A research study that has produced negative results
D) An article printed in a newspaper summarizing new research
Ans: A
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Types of Media
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
True/False
1. True or False? When a healthcare provider explains the risks of a surgical procedure, they intentionally
state that it has an 80% success rate, rather than stating it has a 20% failure rate. This is an example of
the framing effect.
Ans: True
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Personal and Cognitive Biases
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
2. True or False? A person who believes that it is better to keep an imperfect system rather than the
disruption of change is displaying the anchoring bias.
Ans: False
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Personal and Cognitive Biases
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
3. True or False? Traditional AI differs from generative AI in that it uses preset algorithms and is rules-
based.
Ans: True
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Media
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Remembering
4. True or False? Popular literature is written by researchers who are experts in their field written.
Ans: False
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Types of Media
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
,File: chap02, Chapter 2
Taxonomy: Remembering
Fill-in-the-Blank
1. Clickbait and propaganda fall under the umbrella of __________ news.
Ans: fake
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Fake News, Lies, and Propaganda: What Is the Difference?
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Remembering
2. Policy institutes, often referred to as “think __________,” identify, research, and evaluate issues and
make recommendations that often guide public policy.
Ans: tanks
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Think Tanks
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Remembering
3. Given the many ways a story can be slanted to emphasize a point or to gain the approval of the
audience, nurses must develop __________ literacy to discern truth from fiction.
Ans: media
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Strategies to Minimize Bias
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Remembering
4. The __________ effect is a cognitive bias that influences our impression of someone based on how we
feel about their character.
Ans: halo
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Personal and Cognitive Biases
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Remembering
Essay
1. Why is understanding the mainstream media bias critical for health policy news?
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
, File: chap02, Chapter 2
Ans: Mainstream media bias influences large numbers of people. It results when information that is
printed, stated, or televised by a few large news media outlets becomes information that is printed, stated,
or televised by other outlets. Understanding that mainstream media bias can influence, and dominate,
health policy news is critical in the thoughtful consumption of media.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Mainstream Media Ideology versus Bias
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
2. How do values, beliefs, and opinions contribute to the development of bias, and why is recognizing
bias important?
Ans: A value is a concept that we consider to be important; values may be personal values or societal
values. They give us standards to live by. Beliefs are thoughts or statements that individuals hold to be
true regardless of whether they can be seen or felt or proven. Bias develops from these opinions, values,
and beliefs and may be influenced by what we read and encounter in the media. We must recognize that
we are not, nor can we make ourselves, a blank page. If we are unaware of bias, we are unaware of the
dangers it may create.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Exploring Types of Bias
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
3. What type of government do Libertarians advocate for?
Ans: Libertarians advocate a much smaller government; one that is limited to protecting individuals from
coercion and violence and tend to embrace individual responsibility, oppose government bureaucracy and
taxes, promote private charity, tolerate diverse lifestyles, support the free market, and defend civil
liberties.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Bias Within the Media
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
4. How do anchoring bias and attribution bias differ in terms of their impact on decision making and
perception?
Ans: Anchoring bias occurs when an individual bases their view of something based on preexisting
information. The preexisting information ‘anchors’ the person’s opinion.
Attribution bias comes into play when a person decides that an occurrence was caused by an individual
characteristic of a person or was the result of a specific situation or circumstance. Attribution bias causes
a person not to consider the bigger picture.
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Personal and Cognitive Biases
Subject: Chapter 2
Title: Information Literacy: Avoiding Misinformation
Taxonomy: Understanding
Copyright © 2027 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com
