UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 1
Test Bank 2 for Maternity & Women’s Health
Care, 13th Edition,Lowdermilk. UPDATED
VERSION,2026/2027!!!! ALL CHAPTERS FULLY
COVERED !!!! GET A COPY,GET AN A+
CH1: Century Maternity & Women's Health Nursing - Correct
A client complains of severe abdominal and pelvic pain around the
time of menstruation. This pain has become progressively worse
over the last 5 years. She also complains of pain during intercourse
and has tried unsuccessfully to become pregnant for the past 18
months. To which condition are these symptoms most likely
related?
a. Endometriosis
b. PMS
c. Primary dysmenorrhea
d. Secondary dysmenorrhea –
Correct Answer :A
Symptoms of endometriosis can change over time and may not reflect the extent of the disease.
Major symptoms include dysmenorrhea and deep pelvic dyspareunia (painful intercourse). Impaired
fertility may result from adhesions caused by endometriosis. Although endometriosis may be
P a g e 1 | 227
, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 2
associated with secondary dysmenorrhea, it is not a cause of primary dysmenorrhea or PMS. In
addition, this woman is complaining of dyspareunia and infertility, which are associated with
endometriosis, not with PMS or primary or secondary dysmenorrhea.
Which menopausal discomfort would the nurse anticipate when evaluating a woman for signs and
symptoms of the climacteric?
a. Headaches
b. Hot flashes
c. Mood swings
d. Vaginal dryness with dyspareunia –
Correct Answer :B
Vasomotor instability, in the form of hot flashes or flushing, is a result of fluctuating estrogen levels
and is the most common disturbance of the perimenopausal woman. Headaches may be associated
with a decline in hormonal levels; however, headaches are not the most frequently reported
discomfort for menopausal women. Mood swings may also be associated with a decline in hormonal
levels; however, mood swings are not the most frequently reported discomfort for menopausal
women. Vaginal dryness and dyspareunia may be associated with a decline in hormonal levels;
however, both are not the most frequently reported discomforts for menopausal women.
Which risk factor would the nurse recognize as being frequently associated with osteoporosis?
a. African-American race
b. Low-protein intake
c. Obesity
d. Cigarette smoking –
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, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 3
Correct Answer :D
Smoking is associated with earlier and greater bone loss and decreased estrogen production. Women
at risk for osteoporosis are likely to be Caucasian or Asian. Inadequate calcium intake is a risk factor for
osteoporosis. Women at risk for osteoporosis are likely to be small boned and thin. Obese women
have higher estrogen levels as a result of the conversion of androgens in the adipose tissue.
Mechanical stress from extra weight also helps preserve bone mass.
A perimenopausal client has arrived for her annual gynecologic examination. Which preexisting
condition would be extremely important for the nurse to identify during a discussion regarding the
risks and benefits of hormone therapy?
a. Breast cancer which are associated with endometriosis, not with PMS or primary or secondary
b. Vaginal and urinary tract atrophy
c. Osteoporosis
d. Arteriosclerosis –
Correct Answer :A
Women with a high risk first breast cancer should be counseled against using estrogen replacement
therapy (ERT). Estrogen prevents the atrophy of vaginal and urinary tract tissue and protects against
the development of osteoporosis. Estrogen also has a favorable effect on circulating lipids, reducing
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol levels and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
levels. It also has a direct antiatherosclerotic effect on the arteries.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is defined as excessive uterine bleeding without a demonstrable
cause. Which statement regarding this condition is most accurate?
a. DUB is most commonly caused by anovulation.
b. DUB most often occurs in middle age.
c. The diagnosis of DUB should be the first consideration for abnormal menstrual bleeding.
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, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 4
d. Steroids are the most effective medical treatment for DUB. –
Correct Answer :A
Anovulation may occur because of hypothalamic dysfunction or polycystic ovary syndrome. DUB most
often occurs when the menstrual cycle is being established or when it draws to a close at menopause.
A diagnosis of DUB is made only after all other causes of abnormal menstrual bleeding have been
ruled out. The most effective medical treatment is oral or intravenous estrogen.
The female athlete triad includes which common menstrual disorder?
a. Amenorrhea
b. Dysmenorrhea
c. Menorrhagia
d. Metrorrhagia –
Correct Answer :A
The interrelatedness of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and altered bone mineral density have been
described as the female athlete triad. Dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation that begins 2 to 6 months
after menarche. Menorrhagia is abnormally profuse or excessive bleeding from the uterus.
Metrorrhagia is bleeding between periods and can be caused by progestin injections and implants.
Which system responses would the nurse recognize as being unrelated to prostaglandin (PGF2)
release?
a. Systemic responses
b. Gastrointestinal system
c. Central nervous system
P a g e 4 | 227
Exam 2026 P a g e | 1
Test Bank 2 for Maternity & Women’s Health
Care, 13th Edition,Lowdermilk. UPDATED
VERSION,2026/2027!!!! ALL CHAPTERS FULLY
COVERED !!!! GET A COPY,GET AN A+
CH1: Century Maternity & Women's Health Nursing - Correct
A client complains of severe abdominal and pelvic pain around the
time of menstruation. This pain has become progressively worse
over the last 5 years. She also complains of pain during intercourse
and has tried unsuccessfully to become pregnant for the past 18
months. To which condition are these symptoms most likely
related?
a. Endometriosis
b. PMS
c. Primary dysmenorrhea
d. Secondary dysmenorrhea –
Correct Answer :A
Symptoms of endometriosis can change over time and may not reflect the extent of the disease.
Major symptoms include dysmenorrhea and deep pelvic dyspareunia (painful intercourse). Impaired
fertility may result from adhesions caused by endometriosis. Although endometriosis may be
P a g e 1 | 227
, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 2
associated with secondary dysmenorrhea, it is not a cause of primary dysmenorrhea or PMS. In
addition, this woman is complaining of dyspareunia and infertility, which are associated with
endometriosis, not with PMS or primary or secondary dysmenorrhea.
Which menopausal discomfort would the nurse anticipate when evaluating a woman for signs and
symptoms of the climacteric?
a. Headaches
b. Hot flashes
c. Mood swings
d. Vaginal dryness with dyspareunia –
Correct Answer :B
Vasomotor instability, in the form of hot flashes or flushing, is a result of fluctuating estrogen levels
and is the most common disturbance of the perimenopausal woman. Headaches may be associated
with a decline in hormonal levels; however, headaches are not the most frequently reported
discomfort for menopausal women. Mood swings may also be associated with a decline in hormonal
levels; however, mood swings are not the most frequently reported discomfort for menopausal
women. Vaginal dryness and dyspareunia may be associated with a decline in hormonal levels;
however, both are not the most frequently reported discomforts for menopausal women.
Which risk factor would the nurse recognize as being frequently associated with osteoporosis?
a. African-American race
b. Low-protein intake
c. Obesity
d. Cigarette smoking –
P a g e 2 | 227
, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 3
Correct Answer :D
Smoking is associated with earlier and greater bone loss and decreased estrogen production. Women
at risk for osteoporosis are likely to be Caucasian or Asian. Inadequate calcium intake is a risk factor for
osteoporosis. Women at risk for osteoporosis are likely to be small boned and thin. Obese women
have higher estrogen levels as a result of the conversion of androgens in the adipose tissue.
Mechanical stress from extra weight also helps preserve bone mass.
A perimenopausal client has arrived for her annual gynecologic examination. Which preexisting
condition would be extremely important for the nurse to identify during a discussion regarding the
risks and benefits of hormone therapy?
a. Breast cancer which are associated with endometriosis, not with PMS or primary or secondary
b. Vaginal and urinary tract atrophy
c. Osteoporosis
d. Arteriosclerosis –
Correct Answer :A
Women with a high risk first breast cancer should be counseled against using estrogen replacement
therapy (ERT). Estrogen prevents the atrophy of vaginal and urinary tract tissue and protects against
the development of osteoporosis. Estrogen also has a favorable effect on circulating lipids, reducing
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol levels and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
levels. It also has a direct antiatherosclerotic effect on the arteries.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is defined as excessive uterine bleeding without a demonstrable
cause. Which statement regarding this condition is most accurate?
a. DUB is most commonly caused by anovulation.
b. DUB most often occurs in middle age.
c. The diagnosis of DUB should be the first consideration for abnormal menstrual bleeding.
P a g e 3 | 227
, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 4
d. Steroids are the most effective medical treatment for DUB. –
Correct Answer :A
Anovulation may occur because of hypothalamic dysfunction or polycystic ovary syndrome. DUB most
often occurs when the menstrual cycle is being established or when it draws to a close at menopause.
A diagnosis of DUB is made only after all other causes of abnormal menstrual bleeding have been
ruled out. The most effective medical treatment is oral or intravenous estrogen.
The female athlete triad includes which common menstrual disorder?
a. Amenorrhea
b. Dysmenorrhea
c. Menorrhagia
d. Metrorrhagia –
Correct Answer :A
The interrelatedness of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and altered bone mineral density have been
described as the female athlete triad. Dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation that begins 2 to 6 months
after menarche. Menorrhagia is abnormally profuse or excessive bleeding from the uterus.
Metrorrhagia is bleeding between periods and can be caused by progestin injections and implants.
Which system responses would the nurse recognize as being unrelated to prostaglandin (PGF2)
release?
a. Systemic responses
b. Gastrointestinal system
c. Central nervous system
P a g e 4 | 227
