UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 1
UTA NURS 5315 FINAL Advanced
Pathophysiology Questions & Correct Answers
with Rationales / NURS 5315 Endocrine
Practice Test with 130 Latest Questions and
with Verified Answers Latest
You palpate a gangrenous leg and note the presence of crepitus.
Crepitus is associated with which of the following?
a. wet gangrene
b. dry gangrene
c. gas gangrene
d. all of the above –
Correct Answer :C
Direct cell membrane destruction may result from which of the following?
a. complement activation
b. bacterial enzymes
c. free radicals
d. all of the above - Correct Answer :D
P a g e 1 | 77
, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 2
Which of the following is true regarding apoptosis?
a. It occurrence may be physiological or pathological.
b. It does not stimulate the inflammatory process.
c. It results in phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell.
d. all of the above. –
Correct Answer :D
Insufficient blood flow to a part of the body is defined as:
a. hypoxia.
b. hypoxemia.
c. necrosis.
d. ischemia. –
Correct Answer :D
A cellular change, which is often precancerous, is called:
a. hyperplasia.
b. metaplasia.
c. dysplasia.
d. hypertrophy. –
Correct Answer :C
Which of the following changes is indicative of irreversible cell injury?
a. sodium influx into the cytoplasm
P a g e 2 | 77
, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 3
b. glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism)
c. detachment of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. release of lysosomal enzymes –
Correct Answer :D
Which of the following best describes reperfusion injury?
a. The increased blood pressure in the area of reperfusion causes rupture of small arterioles and
release of free radicals.
b. The return of blood flow to the area results in a burst of free radical production from neutrophils
that accumulated in the area.
c. Reperfusion injury results from restoration of the function of the sodium-potassium pump.
d. Reperfusion of the area results in apoptosis of the previously ischemic cells. –
Correct Answer :B
Which of the following best describes free radicals?
a. stable molecules not normally found in the body, but introduced exogenously during ischemia
b. unstable molecules that are normal products of oxidative metabolism and are removed by
endogenous antioxidants
c. stable molecules that have an affinity for iron in the cytoplasm of the cell
d. none of the above –
Correct Answer :B
The usual fate of apoptotic cells is which of the following?
a. metaplastic transformation
b. calcification
P a g e 3 | 77
, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 4
c. hypertrophy
d. phagocytosis
e. neoplastic transformation –
Correct Answer :D
Which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between cell necrosis and
apoptosis?
a. Apoptosis is a more rapid process.
b. Apoptosis is usually initiated by ischemia-induced cell injury.
c. Apoptosis is genetically controlled.
d. Apoptosis characteristically involves rupture of the cell membrane. –
Correct Answer :C
You are a nurse practitioner working in an outpatient clinic. Your patient's echocardiogram shows
moderate aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve). You know that the stenotic valve creates an
increased resistance against which the left ventricle contracts. The cellular adaptation most likely to
occur in the left ventricle is which of the following?
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. hyperplasia
d. metaplasia –
Correct Answer :B
Select the condition that is an example of physiologic hyperplasia.
a. breast enlargement during puberty
P a g e 4 | 77
Exam 2026 P a g e | 1
UTA NURS 5315 FINAL Advanced
Pathophysiology Questions & Correct Answers
with Rationales / NURS 5315 Endocrine
Practice Test with 130 Latest Questions and
with Verified Answers Latest
You palpate a gangrenous leg and note the presence of crepitus.
Crepitus is associated with which of the following?
a. wet gangrene
b. dry gangrene
c. gas gangrene
d. all of the above –
Correct Answer :C
Direct cell membrane destruction may result from which of the following?
a. complement activation
b. bacterial enzymes
c. free radicals
d. all of the above - Correct Answer :D
P a g e 1 | 77
, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 2
Which of the following is true regarding apoptosis?
a. It occurrence may be physiological or pathological.
b. It does not stimulate the inflammatory process.
c. It results in phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell.
d. all of the above. –
Correct Answer :D
Insufficient blood flow to a part of the body is defined as:
a. hypoxia.
b. hypoxemia.
c. necrosis.
d. ischemia. –
Correct Answer :D
A cellular change, which is often precancerous, is called:
a. hyperplasia.
b. metaplasia.
c. dysplasia.
d. hypertrophy. –
Correct Answer :C
Which of the following changes is indicative of irreversible cell injury?
a. sodium influx into the cytoplasm
P a g e 2 | 77
, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 3
b. glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism)
c. detachment of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. release of lysosomal enzymes –
Correct Answer :D
Which of the following best describes reperfusion injury?
a. The increased blood pressure in the area of reperfusion causes rupture of small arterioles and
release of free radicals.
b. The return of blood flow to the area results in a burst of free radical production from neutrophils
that accumulated in the area.
c. Reperfusion injury results from restoration of the function of the sodium-potassium pump.
d. Reperfusion of the area results in apoptosis of the previously ischemic cells. –
Correct Answer :B
Which of the following best describes free radicals?
a. stable molecules not normally found in the body, but introduced exogenously during ischemia
b. unstable molecules that are normal products of oxidative metabolism and are removed by
endogenous antioxidants
c. stable molecules that have an affinity for iron in the cytoplasm of the cell
d. none of the above –
Correct Answer :B
The usual fate of apoptotic cells is which of the following?
a. metaplastic transformation
b. calcification
P a g e 3 | 77
, UTA NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2026 P a g e | 4
c. hypertrophy
d. phagocytosis
e. neoplastic transformation –
Correct Answer :D
Which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between cell necrosis and
apoptosis?
a. Apoptosis is a more rapid process.
b. Apoptosis is usually initiated by ischemia-induced cell injury.
c. Apoptosis is genetically controlled.
d. Apoptosis characteristically involves rupture of the cell membrane. –
Correct Answer :C
You are a nurse practitioner working in an outpatient clinic. Your patient's echocardiogram shows
moderate aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve). You know that the stenotic valve creates an
increased resistance against which the left ventricle contracts. The cellular adaptation most likely to
occur in the left ventricle is which of the following?
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. hyperplasia
d. metaplasia –
Correct Answer :B
Select the condition that is an example of physiologic hyperplasia.
a. breast enlargement during puberty
P a g e 4 | 77
