Pharmacotherapeutịcs for Adṿanced Nursịng
Practịce
1st Edịtịon Demler
Bẏ
Tammịe Demler and Jacquelịne Rhoads
,Contents
📓Chapter 1: Antihistamine Agents - Test Bank .....................................................................................3
📓Chapter 2: Anti-infective Agents - Test Bank ......................................................................................9
📓Chapter 3: Antineoplastic Agents - Test Bank ..................................................................................16
📓Chapter 4: Autonomic Agents - Test Bank ........................................................................................23
📓Chapter 5: Blood Formation, Coagulation, and Thrombosis Agents - Test Bank .........................30
📓Chapter 6: Cardiovascular Agents - Test Bank .................................................................................37
📓Chapter 7: Central Nervous System Agents – Test Bank ................................................................49
📓Chapter 8: Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance Agents – Test Bank ......................................60
📓Chapter 9: Respiratory Tract Agents – Test Bank ............................................................................70
📓Chapter 10: Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Preparations – Test Bank.................................................80
📓Chapter 11: Gastrointestinal Agents – Test Bank.............................................................................90
📓Chapter 12: Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes – Test Bank ....................................................101
📓Chapter 13: Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents – Test Bank .....................................................111
📓Chapter 14: Smooth Muscle Relaxants – Test Bank.......................................................................123
,📓Chapter 1: Antihistamine Agents - Test Bank
1. Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of
antihistamines in allergic reactions?
a) Inhibition of histamine release from mast cells
b) Competitive inhibition of histamine at H1 receptors
c) Activation of histamine receptors to induce vasodilation
d) Direct suppression of T-cell activity
✅ Correct Answer: b) Competitive inhibition of histamine at H1 receptors
🔍Rationale: Antihistamines exert their effects by binding to histamine H1 receptors,
preventing histamine from activating these receptors. This leads to a reduction in
allergic symptoms such as itching, swelling, and vasodilation.
2. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of first-generation
antihistamines?
a) Insomnia
b) Sedation
c) Hypotension
d) Tachycardia
✅ Correct Answer: b) Sedation
🔍Rationale: First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, cross the
blood-brain barrier and bind to H1 receptors in the central nervous system, causing
sedation. This is a well-known side effect of these agents.
3. Which of the following antihistamines is most likely to cause sedation?
a) Loratadine
b) Cetirizine
c) Fexofenadine
d) Diphenhydramine
, ✅ Correct Answer: d) Diphenhydramine
🔍Rationale: Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine known for its
sedative properties due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In contrast,
loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine are second-generation antihistamines with
reduced sedative effects.
4. A patient presents with severe allergic rhinitis. Which of the following
antihistamines would be most appropriate for long-term use due to its minimal
sedative effects?
a) Diphenhydramine
b) Chlorpheniramine
c) Loratadine
d) Promethazine
✅ Correct Answer: c) Loratadine
🔍Rationale: Loratadine is a second-generation antihistamine that has minimal
sedative effects, making it suitable for long-term use in conditions like allergic rhinitis.
It is less likely to cross the blood-brain barrier compared to first-generation
antihistamines.
5. A patient is prescribed an antihistamine for seasonal allergies. They are also
on a medication for hypertension. Which of the following side effects should
the nurse monitor for?
a) Severe hypotension
b) Tachycardia
c) Increased drowsiness
d) Decreased renal function
✅ Correct Answer: c) Increased drowsiness
🔍Rationale: Antihistamines, especially first-generation agents, can increase
drowsiness. When combined with medications for hypertension, this sedative effect
can be amplified. Nurses should monitor for excessive sedation, especially in elderly
patients or those on multiple medications.
Practịce
1st Edịtịon Demler
Bẏ
Tammịe Demler and Jacquelịne Rhoads
,Contents
📓Chapter 1: Antihistamine Agents - Test Bank .....................................................................................3
📓Chapter 2: Anti-infective Agents - Test Bank ......................................................................................9
📓Chapter 3: Antineoplastic Agents - Test Bank ..................................................................................16
📓Chapter 4: Autonomic Agents - Test Bank ........................................................................................23
📓Chapter 5: Blood Formation, Coagulation, and Thrombosis Agents - Test Bank .........................30
📓Chapter 6: Cardiovascular Agents - Test Bank .................................................................................37
📓Chapter 7: Central Nervous System Agents – Test Bank ................................................................49
📓Chapter 8: Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance Agents – Test Bank ......................................60
📓Chapter 9: Respiratory Tract Agents – Test Bank ............................................................................70
📓Chapter 10: Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Preparations – Test Bank.................................................80
📓Chapter 11: Gastrointestinal Agents – Test Bank.............................................................................90
📓Chapter 12: Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes – Test Bank ....................................................101
📓Chapter 13: Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents – Test Bank .....................................................111
📓Chapter 14: Smooth Muscle Relaxants – Test Bank.......................................................................123
,📓Chapter 1: Antihistamine Agents - Test Bank
1. Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of
antihistamines in allergic reactions?
a) Inhibition of histamine release from mast cells
b) Competitive inhibition of histamine at H1 receptors
c) Activation of histamine receptors to induce vasodilation
d) Direct suppression of T-cell activity
✅ Correct Answer: b) Competitive inhibition of histamine at H1 receptors
🔍Rationale: Antihistamines exert their effects by binding to histamine H1 receptors,
preventing histamine from activating these receptors. This leads to a reduction in
allergic symptoms such as itching, swelling, and vasodilation.
2. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of first-generation
antihistamines?
a) Insomnia
b) Sedation
c) Hypotension
d) Tachycardia
✅ Correct Answer: b) Sedation
🔍Rationale: First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, cross the
blood-brain barrier and bind to H1 receptors in the central nervous system, causing
sedation. This is a well-known side effect of these agents.
3. Which of the following antihistamines is most likely to cause sedation?
a) Loratadine
b) Cetirizine
c) Fexofenadine
d) Diphenhydramine
, ✅ Correct Answer: d) Diphenhydramine
🔍Rationale: Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine known for its
sedative properties due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In contrast,
loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine are second-generation antihistamines with
reduced sedative effects.
4. A patient presents with severe allergic rhinitis. Which of the following
antihistamines would be most appropriate for long-term use due to its minimal
sedative effects?
a) Diphenhydramine
b) Chlorpheniramine
c) Loratadine
d) Promethazine
✅ Correct Answer: c) Loratadine
🔍Rationale: Loratadine is a second-generation antihistamine that has minimal
sedative effects, making it suitable for long-term use in conditions like allergic rhinitis.
It is less likely to cross the blood-brain barrier compared to first-generation
antihistamines.
5. A patient is prescribed an antihistamine for seasonal allergies. They are also
on a medication for hypertension. Which of the following side effects should
the nurse monitor for?
a) Severe hypotension
b) Tachycardia
c) Increased drowsiness
d) Decreased renal function
✅ Correct Answer: c) Increased drowsiness
🔍Rationale: Antihistamines, especially first-generation agents, can increase
drowsiness. When combined with medications for hypertension, this sedative effect
can be amplified. Nurses should monitor for excessive sedation, especially in elderly
patients or those on multiple medications.
