NUR 621 MODULE 4 COMPLETE EXAM | 220 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | 2026 UPDATE | UTICA COLLEGE

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NUR 621 MODULE 4 COMPLETE EXAM | 220 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | 2026
UPDATE | UTICA COLLEGE


SECTION 1: EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE & CLINICAL GUIDELINES (Questions 1-30)


1. Your collaborating physician has asked you to present a credible source of evidence at the


next staff meeting. Which statement is true of clinical practice guidelines?


 A) Clinical practice guidelines are based on expert opinion only


 B) Clinical practice guidelines are evidence-based when conducted systematically and


recommendations formed using the evidence


 C) Clinical practice guidelines do not require systematic review


 D) Clinical practice guidelines are only valid if published by the government


Correct Answer: B) Clinical practice guidelines are evidence-based when conducted


systematically and recommendations formed using the evidence


Rationale: Clinical practice guidelines are considered evidence-based when they are developed


through systematic methods that include comprehensive literature review, critical appraisal of

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evidence, and transparent formulation of recommendations. Expert opinion alone is not


sufficient for evidence-based guidelines .




2. Which represents a primary source of evidence?


 A) Meta-analysis


 B) Systematic review


 C) Individual study


 D) Clinical practice guideline


Correct Answer: C) Individual study


Rationale: Primary sources of evidence are original research studies that report new findings


directly from investigators. These include randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-


control studies, and other original research designs. Secondary sources (meta-analyses,


systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines) are interpretations and analyses based on


primary sources .




3. What sources are interpretations and analyses based on primary sources?

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 A) Tertiary sources


 B) Secondary sources


 C) Primary sources


 D) Expert opinion


Correct Answer: B) Secondary sources


Rationale: Secondary sources include meta-synthesis, meta-analysis, systematic reviews, and


clinical practice guidelines. These sources synthesize, interpret, and analyze findings from


multiple primary studies to provide higher-level evidence for clinical decision-making .




4. What are examples of secondary sources? Select all that apply.


 A) Meta-synthesis


 B) Meta-analysis


 C) Systematic reviews


 D) Clinical practice guidelines


 E) Individual case reports

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Correct Answer: A, B, C, D


Rationale: Meta-synthesis, meta-analysis, systematic reviews, and clinical practice guidelines


are all secondary sources that synthesize and interpret evidence from multiple primary studies.


Individual case reports are primary sources .




5. What source of evidence best supports practice change?


 A) Expert opinion


 B) Case reports


 C) Peer-reviewed systematic reviews


 D) Single randomized controlled trial


Correct Answer: C) Peer-reviewed systematic reviews


Rationale: Peer-reviewed systematic reviews provide the highest level of evidence for guiding


practice change because they comprehensively synthesize all available evidence on a clinical


question, using rigorous methods to minimize bias. They are considered the gold standard for


evidence-based practice .