Biotechnology: Exam 3 Review
Questions and Answers Rated A+
what percentage of all bacterial species have been identified, cultured and studied? - Answer
less than 1 percent
What is bioprospecting? - Answer it's the discovery and development of new product from
biological resources
what are some examples of microbial enzymes? - Answer Taq DNA Polymerase, Cellulase, &
Subtilisin (laundry detergent)
What is the purpose of the Yeast Two-Hybrid System? - Answer to determine if two proteins
(A & B) interact with each other.
What does protein B fuse and bind to? What is it referred to as? - Answer fuses with an
activator domain (AD) and binds to the enhancer that is referred to as the "fish" protein A
What happens when proteins A and B interact? - Answer The DNA binding domain and the
activator domain will be brought together causing the expression of a specific reporter gene.
Which protein has identical plasmids that code for trp gene? - Answer Protein A, the "bait"
Which protein has different plasmids that code for the leucine gene? - Answer Protein B, the
"fish"
What does CRISPR stand for? - Answer Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeats
What is CRISPR? - Answer it's the form of an immune system in prokaryotes.
What are the genes found in the CRISPR system? - Answer Cas genes, Palindromic Repeats, &
Spacers
How can CRISPR work? - Answer Cas-9-crRNA complex binds to previously exposed pathogen
and cleaves it
, How can CRISPR be hijacked? - Answer scientists introduce a guide RNA that will bind to the
Cas-9. gRNA-Cas9 complex binds to a specific sequence from target DNA and cuts it. Then
enzymes repair the cut and a new gene can be added in its place.
What are the two types of fermentation? - Answer Lactic Acid and Alcoholic
What was the first recombinant molecule expressed in bacteria for use in humans? - Answer
Insulin (1978) and was first commercially available under the name Humulin in 1982
How many chains are involved in the production of insulin? - Answer 2, A & B
Who developed the first vaccine? - Answer Dr. Edward Jenner in 1796
Who did Dr. Jenner experiment on? - Answer a farmers child named James Phipps
What was Dr. Jenner trying to vaccinate against? And using what virus? - Answer smallpox;
live cowpox virus
What kind of immunity is uses by the production of antibodies in the presence of antigens? -
Answer Antibody-mediated immunity. Where B cells bind to antigens and B cells & T helper
cells form a plasma cells that produce antibodies
What are the Protective mechanisms of binding antigens to antigens? - Answer -
Agglutination (clumping)
- Opsonization
- Neutralization
- Inflammation
- Activation of complement
What are the four major strategies to make a vaccine? - Answer - Subunit vaccine (Portion)
- Attenuated vaccine (weakend)
- Inactive vaccine (killed)
- mRNA vaccines (non-replicated)
What is used to make the majority of current subunit vaccines? - Answer Recombinant DNA
approaches?
Questions and Answers Rated A+
what percentage of all bacterial species have been identified, cultured and studied? - Answer
less than 1 percent
What is bioprospecting? - Answer it's the discovery and development of new product from
biological resources
what are some examples of microbial enzymes? - Answer Taq DNA Polymerase, Cellulase, &
Subtilisin (laundry detergent)
What is the purpose of the Yeast Two-Hybrid System? - Answer to determine if two proteins
(A & B) interact with each other.
What does protein B fuse and bind to? What is it referred to as? - Answer fuses with an
activator domain (AD) and binds to the enhancer that is referred to as the "fish" protein A
What happens when proteins A and B interact? - Answer The DNA binding domain and the
activator domain will be brought together causing the expression of a specific reporter gene.
Which protein has identical plasmids that code for trp gene? - Answer Protein A, the "bait"
Which protein has different plasmids that code for the leucine gene? - Answer Protein B, the
"fish"
What does CRISPR stand for? - Answer Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeats
What is CRISPR? - Answer it's the form of an immune system in prokaryotes.
What are the genes found in the CRISPR system? - Answer Cas genes, Palindromic Repeats, &
Spacers
How can CRISPR work? - Answer Cas-9-crRNA complex binds to previously exposed pathogen
and cleaves it
, How can CRISPR be hijacked? - Answer scientists introduce a guide RNA that will bind to the
Cas-9. gRNA-Cas9 complex binds to a specific sequence from target DNA and cuts it. Then
enzymes repair the cut and a new gene can be added in its place.
What are the two types of fermentation? - Answer Lactic Acid and Alcoholic
What was the first recombinant molecule expressed in bacteria for use in humans? - Answer
Insulin (1978) and was first commercially available under the name Humulin in 1982
How many chains are involved in the production of insulin? - Answer 2, A & B
Who developed the first vaccine? - Answer Dr. Edward Jenner in 1796
Who did Dr. Jenner experiment on? - Answer a farmers child named James Phipps
What was Dr. Jenner trying to vaccinate against? And using what virus? - Answer smallpox;
live cowpox virus
What kind of immunity is uses by the production of antibodies in the presence of antigens? -
Answer Antibody-mediated immunity. Where B cells bind to antigens and B cells & T helper
cells form a plasma cells that produce antibodies
What are the Protective mechanisms of binding antigens to antigens? - Answer -
Agglutination (clumping)
- Opsonization
- Neutralization
- Inflammation
- Activation of complement
What are the four major strategies to make a vaccine? - Answer - Subunit vaccine (Portion)
- Attenuated vaccine (weakend)
- Inactive vaccine (killed)
- mRNA vaccines (non-replicated)
What is used to make the majority of current subunit vaccines? - Answer Recombinant DNA
approaches?
