UTA 5315 EXAM 3 COMPLETE SOLUTION
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULL
STUDY GUIDE GRADED A+
⩥ Most common site of coronary artery occlusion.
Answer: Left circumflex artery
So if a left dominant person has an occlusion in the left circumflex
artery, they have a higher chance for poor outcomes.
⩥ Dysphagia in coronary artery disease.
Answer: When left atria enlarges (as in from occlusion r/t coronary
artery disease), it enlarges and compresses the esophagus. It can also
compress the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and cause hoarseness.
⩥ Coronary Artery Disease: Risk Factors.
Answer: Advanced age, male, post-menopausal, family history,
dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity, sedentary
lifestyle, diet high in fat.
⩥ Why does hypertension put a person at increased risk for developing
coronary artery disease?.
,Answer: Causes endothelial damage, making it easier for cholesterol to
accumulate in damaged area, also triggers inflammatory response and
allows buildup of more cholesterol, macrophages, foam cells, platelets
⩥ Why does smoking put a person at increased risk for developing
coronary artery disease?.
Answer: Nicotine triggers release of catecholamines (fight or flight
hormones), which cause vasoconstriction & high blood pressure
⩥ Why does diabetes put a person at increased risk for developing
coronary artery disease?.
Answer: Causes endothelial damage
⩥ Chronic ischemia in Coronary Artery Disease.
Answer: Leads to cellular damage and eventually heart failure
⩥ Stable Angina.
Answer: -Chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia
-OCCURS DURING times of ACTIVITY, as in when myocardial
oxygen demand is higher
-Typically can be reproduced (say it happens when patient is running.
it'll stop when he rests, but when he runs again he will have angina.)
⩥ Prinzmetal Angina.
,Answer: Chest pain that may occur at REST, typically at NIGHT,
usually caused by VASOSPASM, may or may not be associated with
atherosclerosis.
⩥ Acute Coronary Syndrome.
Answer: Broad term which emcompasses three diagnoses:
Unstable angina, Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, ST elevation
infarction
⩥ Unstable Angina.
Answer: -Chest pain that is PROLONGED or RECURRENT at REST,
or chest pain that is INCREASING in SEVERITY or FREQUENCY
-Caused by a labile (unstable) thrombus that is does NOT occlude blood
flow for any longer than 20 minutes
-PERFUSION IS RESTORED BEFORE MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS
OCCURS
-Can progress to a heart attack
⩥ Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI).
Answer: -Myocardial infarction resulting from a thrombus that has
occluded coronary artery flow for MORE THAN 20 MINUTES
, -Results in myocardial necrosis in the myocardium directly below the
endocardium (innermost layer of ventricles farthest from blood supplied
by coronary arteries, which lie on outside of heart)
-Does NOT involve full thickness of the ventricular wall
-Also called subendocardial infarct
-EKG: ST depression (hence the name NON ST elevation), or T wave
inversion
⩥ ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
(ST elevation = Serious Trouble).
Answer: -Myocardial infarction resulting from THROMBUS
PERMANENTLY LODGING IN VESSEL
-Includes ENTIRE THICKNESS of VENTRICULAR WALL
(TRANSMURAL INFARCT)
-ST elevation on EKG
⩥ Myocardial Infarction Patho.
Answer: 1. After 10 seconds of occluded blood flow, myoctyes become
cyanotic.
2. Oxygen reserves are used up.
3. Glycogen (storage unit for glucose) decreases.
4. Glycolysis (breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy) is
not able to supply all the needed energy to the heart, leading to less ATP
production.
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULL
STUDY GUIDE GRADED A+
⩥ Most common site of coronary artery occlusion.
Answer: Left circumflex artery
So if a left dominant person has an occlusion in the left circumflex
artery, they have a higher chance for poor outcomes.
⩥ Dysphagia in coronary artery disease.
Answer: When left atria enlarges (as in from occlusion r/t coronary
artery disease), it enlarges and compresses the esophagus. It can also
compress the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and cause hoarseness.
⩥ Coronary Artery Disease: Risk Factors.
Answer: Advanced age, male, post-menopausal, family history,
dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity, sedentary
lifestyle, diet high in fat.
⩥ Why does hypertension put a person at increased risk for developing
coronary artery disease?.
,Answer: Causes endothelial damage, making it easier for cholesterol to
accumulate in damaged area, also triggers inflammatory response and
allows buildup of more cholesterol, macrophages, foam cells, platelets
⩥ Why does smoking put a person at increased risk for developing
coronary artery disease?.
Answer: Nicotine triggers release of catecholamines (fight or flight
hormones), which cause vasoconstriction & high blood pressure
⩥ Why does diabetes put a person at increased risk for developing
coronary artery disease?.
Answer: Causes endothelial damage
⩥ Chronic ischemia in Coronary Artery Disease.
Answer: Leads to cellular damage and eventually heart failure
⩥ Stable Angina.
Answer: -Chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia
-OCCURS DURING times of ACTIVITY, as in when myocardial
oxygen demand is higher
-Typically can be reproduced (say it happens when patient is running.
it'll stop when he rests, but when he runs again he will have angina.)
⩥ Prinzmetal Angina.
,Answer: Chest pain that may occur at REST, typically at NIGHT,
usually caused by VASOSPASM, may or may not be associated with
atherosclerosis.
⩥ Acute Coronary Syndrome.
Answer: Broad term which emcompasses three diagnoses:
Unstable angina, Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, ST elevation
infarction
⩥ Unstable Angina.
Answer: -Chest pain that is PROLONGED or RECURRENT at REST,
or chest pain that is INCREASING in SEVERITY or FREQUENCY
-Caused by a labile (unstable) thrombus that is does NOT occlude blood
flow for any longer than 20 minutes
-PERFUSION IS RESTORED BEFORE MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS
OCCURS
-Can progress to a heart attack
⩥ Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI).
Answer: -Myocardial infarction resulting from a thrombus that has
occluded coronary artery flow for MORE THAN 20 MINUTES
, -Results in myocardial necrosis in the myocardium directly below the
endocardium (innermost layer of ventricles farthest from blood supplied
by coronary arteries, which lie on outside of heart)
-Does NOT involve full thickness of the ventricular wall
-Also called subendocardial infarct
-EKG: ST depression (hence the name NON ST elevation), or T wave
inversion
⩥ ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
(ST elevation = Serious Trouble).
Answer: -Myocardial infarction resulting from THROMBUS
PERMANENTLY LODGING IN VESSEL
-Includes ENTIRE THICKNESS of VENTRICULAR WALL
(TRANSMURAL INFARCT)
-ST elevation on EKG
⩥ Myocardial Infarction Patho.
Answer: 1. After 10 seconds of occluded blood flow, myoctyes become
cyanotic.
2. Oxygen reserves are used up.
3. Glycogen (storage unit for glucose) decreases.
4. Glycolysis (breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy) is
not able to supply all the needed energy to the heart, leading to less ATP
production.
