PHI 105 ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION VERIFIED
RESOURCE
●● Induction
Answer: There is doubt and risk but new knowledge can be found. The
scientific method is based on inductive reasoning
●● Toulmin Model
Answer: 1. Where you start (Observations/Grounds) 2. Claim
●● Validity
Answer: The internal coherence of a deductive argument
●● Truth
Answer: Whether the things spoken of in the deductive argument
actually exist
●● Soundness
Answer: A characteristic of a deductive argument in which the argument
is both internally coherent and true
,●● Syllogism
Answer: A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a
minor premise, and a conclusion
●● Categorical syllogism
Answer: A syllogism in which the argument consists of claims about
classes or groups or things
●● What are the three categorical prepositions?
Answer: Two premises and one conclusion
●● Premise
Answer: Makes a statement connecting two classes of things together by
means of a third class
●● Conclusion
Answer: The third statement of a syllogism, unpacks what is already in
the first two statements taken together
●● What are the primary categorical terms?
Answer: Major, minor, and middle
●● All men (1) are mortal (2)
, Answer: Toulmin Model
●● Middle term
Answer: The bridging term found in both of the first two statements
●● Major premise
Answer: The first part of a syllogism, consisting of a general statement
about the subject of your argument
●● Minor premise
Answer: A statement about a specific case related to the general
characteristics of the major premise
●● Predicate
Answer: The term connected with the major premise (major term) and
the second term of the conclusion; junior term, modifies subject
●● Subject
Answer: The term connected with the minor premise (minor term) and
the second term of the conclusion; primary or governing term
●● Copula
COMPLETE SOLUTION VERIFIED
RESOURCE
●● Induction
Answer: There is doubt and risk but new knowledge can be found. The
scientific method is based on inductive reasoning
●● Toulmin Model
Answer: 1. Where you start (Observations/Grounds) 2. Claim
●● Validity
Answer: The internal coherence of a deductive argument
●● Truth
Answer: Whether the things spoken of in the deductive argument
actually exist
●● Soundness
Answer: A characteristic of a deductive argument in which the argument
is both internally coherent and true
,●● Syllogism
Answer: A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a
minor premise, and a conclusion
●● Categorical syllogism
Answer: A syllogism in which the argument consists of claims about
classes or groups or things
●● What are the three categorical prepositions?
Answer: Two premises and one conclusion
●● Premise
Answer: Makes a statement connecting two classes of things together by
means of a third class
●● Conclusion
Answer: The third statement of a syllogism, unpacks what is already in
the first two statements taken together
●● What are the primary categorical terms?
Answer: Major, minor, and middle
●● All men (1) are mortal (2)
, Answer: Toulmin Model
●● Middle term
Answer: The bridging term found in both of the first two statements
●● Major premise
Answer: The first part of a syllogism, consisting of a general statement
about the subject of your argument
●● Minor premise
Answer: A statement about a specific case related to the general
characteristics of the major premise
●● Predicate
Answer: The term connected with the major premise (major term) and
the second term of the conclusion; junior term, modifies subject
●● Subject
Answer: The term connected with the minor premise (minor term) and
the second term of the conclusion; primary or governing term
●● Copula
