NSG 223 Mod 3 - Renal Review Practice
Exam Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
The nurse is caring for a client ANS: D Rationale: Urine specific gravity
who depends
has a fluid volume deficit. When largely on hydration status. A decrease in
evaluating this fluid
client's urinalysis results, what intake will lead to an increase in the urine
should specific
the nurse normally anticipate? gravity. With high fluid intake, specific
A. Decrease in blood urea nitrogen gravity
(BUN) decreases. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B. Less antidiuretic hormone levels are
(ADH) usually elevated with volume deficits
released related to
C. Decreased urine osmolality dehydration. With decreased water intake
D. Increased urine specific gravity as seen
in a client with fluid volume deficit, blood
osmolality increases, which stimulates
antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) release. ADH acts on the
kidney,
increasing water reabsorption and
returning the
blood osmolality to a normal level.
Normally, urine
osmolality increases (urine is
concentrated) with
fluid volume deficits.
,A kidney biopsy has been ANS: D Rationale: Biopsy of the kidney is
scheduled used in
for a client with a history of acute diagnosing and evaluating the extent of
kidney injury. kidney
The client asks the nurse why this disease. Indications for biopsy include
test unexplained
has been scheduled. What is the acute kidney injury, persistent proteinuria
nurse's best or
response? hematuria, transplant rejection, and
A. A biopsy is routinely ordered for glomerulopathies.
all clients with renal disorders.
B. A biopsy is generally ordered
following abnormal x-ray findings
of
the renal
pelvis.
C. A biopsy is often ordered for
clients before they have a kidney
transplant.
D. A biopsy is sometimes
necessary
for diagnosing and evaluating the
extent of
kidney disease.
, The nurse is caring for a client ANS: C Rationale: The various substances
suspected of having renal normally
dysfunction. When reviewing filtered by the glomerulus, reabsorbed by
laboratory results for this client, the
the tubules, and excreted in the urine include
nurse interprets the presence of sodium,
which substances in chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, glucose,
the urine as most suggestive of urea,
pathology? creatinine, and uric acid. Within the tubule,
A. Potassium and sodium some of
B. Bicarbonate and urea these substances are selectively
C. Glucose and protein reabsorbed into
D. Creatinine and chloride the blood. Glucose is completely
reabsorbed in
the tubule and normally does not appear in
the
urine. However, glucose is found in the
urine if the
amount of glucose in the blood and
glomerular
filtrate exceeds the amount that the
tubules are
able to reabsorb. Protein molecules are
also
generally not found in the urine because
amino
acids are also filtered at the level of the
glomerulus
and reabsorbed so that they are not
excreted in
the urine.
Exam Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
The nurse is caring for a client ANS: D Rationale: Urine specific gravity
who depends
has a fluid volume deficit. When largely on hydration status. A decrease in
evaluating this fluid
client's urinalysis results, what intake will lead to an increase in the urine
should specific
the nurse normally anticipate? gravity. With high fluid intake, specific
A. Decrease in blood urea nitrogen gravity
(BUN) decreases. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B. Less antidiuretic hormone levels are
(ADH) usually elevated with volume deficits
released related to
C. Decreased urine osmolality dehydration. With decreased water intake
D. Increased urine specific gravity as seen
in a client with fluid volume deficit, blood
osmolality increases, which stimulates
antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) release. ADH acts on the
kidney,
increasing water reabsorption and
returning the
blood osmolality to a normal level.
Normally, urine
osmolality increases (urine is
concentrated) with
fluid volume deficits.
,A kidney biopsy has been ANS: D Rationale: Biopsy of the kidney is
scheduled used in
for a client with a history of acute diagnosing and evaluating the extent of
kidney injury. kidney
The client asks the nurse why this disease. Indications for biopsy include
test unexplained
has been scheduled. What is the acute kidney injury, persistent proteinuria
nurse's best or
response? hematuria, transplant rejection, and
A. A biopsy is routinely ordered for glomerulopathies.
all clients with renal disorders.
B. A biopsy is generally ordered
following abnormal x-ray findings
of
the renal
pelvis.
C. A biopsy is often ordered for
clients before they have a kidney
transplant.
D. A biopsy is sometimes
necessary
for diagnosing and evaluating the
extent of
kidney disease.
, The nurse is caring for a client ANS: C Rationale: The various substances
suspected of having renal normally
dysfunction. When reviewing filtered by the glomerulus, reabsorbed by
laboratory results for this client, the
the tubules, and excreted in the urine include
nurse interprets the presence of sodium,
which substances in chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, glucose,
the urine as most suggestive of urea,
pathology? creatinine, and uric acid. Within the tubule,
A. Potassium and sodium some of
B. Bicarbonate and urea these substances are selectively
C. Glucose and protein reabsorbed into
D. Creatinine and chloride the blood. Glucose is completely
reabsorbed in
the tubule and normally does not appear in
the
urine. However, glucose is found in the
urine if the
amount of glucose in the blood and
glomerular
filtrate exceeds the amount that the
tubules are
able to reabsorb. Protein molecules are
also
generally not found in the urine because
amino
acids are also filtered at the level of the
glomerulus
and reabsorbed so that they are not
excreted in
the urine.
