Nursing Pharmacology study guide diuretics 2026

Nursing Pharmacology study guide diuretics 2026
DiureticsBareBBdrugsBthatBprimarilyBincreaseBtheBexcretionBofBsodium.BToBsomeBextent,
BtheyBalsoBincreaseBtheBvolumeBofBurineBproducedBbyBtheBkidneys.

ByBblockingBtheBabsorptiveBcapacityBofBcellsBliningBtheBrenalBtubulesBforBsodium,Bintra
vascularBvolumeBandBtheBeventualBleakingBofBfluidBfromBcapillariesBisBreducedBandBpre
vented.

ItBisBusedBinBtheBmanagementBofBdiseasesBlikeBglaucoma,Bhypertension,BandBedemaBin
BheartBfailure,BliverBfailure,BandBrenalBdiseases.

Diuretics:BGenericBandBBrandBNames

HereBisBaBtableBofBcommonlyBencounteredBdiureticBagents,BtheirBgenericBnames,BandB
brandBnames:B

HealthConditions

• ThiazideBDiuretics

• bendroflumethiazideB(Naturetin)

• chlorothiazideB(Diuril)

• hydrochlorothiazideB(HydroDIURIL)

• hydroflumethiazideB(Saluron)

, • methyclothiazideB(Enduron)

• Thiazide-likeBDiuretics

• chlorthalidoneB(Hygroton)

• indapamideB(Lozol)

• metolazoneB(Mykrox,BZaroxolyn)

• LoopBDiuretics

• bumetanideB(Bumex)

• ethacrynicBacidB(Edecrin)

• furosemideB(Lasix)

• torsemideB(Demadex)

• CarbonicBAnhydraseBInhibitors

• acetazolamideB(Diamox)

• methazolamideB(Glauctabs)

• Potassium-sparingBDiuretics

• amilorideB(Midamor)

• spironolactoneB(Aldactone)

• triamtereneB(Dyrenium)

• OsmoticBDiuretics

• mannitolB(Osmitrol)

DiseaseBSpotlight:BEdema,BHypertension,BandBGlaucoma

EdemaBisBtheBaccumulationBofBfluidsBinBtheBinterstitialBspaces.BItBcanBbeBtypicallyBsee
nBinBpatientsBwithBheartBfailureB(HF),BcirrhosisBandBotherBliverBdiseases,BandBrenalBdis
eases.

• EdemaBinBHFBisBcausedBbyBactivationBofBtheBrenin-
angiotensinBsystemBdueBtoBanBinefficientBpumpingBactivityBofBtheBheart.BAsBaBr
esult,BbloodBvolumeBincreasesBandBsodiumBisBretained.

• CirrhosisBandBotherBliverBdiseasesBpresentBwithBedemaBbecauseBofBtwoBreasons
:B1)BreducedBplasmaBproteinBproductionBleadingBtoBdecreasedBoncoticBpressure
B(pressureBthatBholdsBtheBfluidBin);BandB2)BportalBsystemBobstructionBdueBtoBh
epaticBvesselBcongestion.

, • EdemaBinBrenalBdiseasesBisBbecauseBofBdamagedBbasementBmembraneBwhichB
makesBitBpossibleBforBplasmaBproteinsBtoBbeBlostBintoBurine.

HypertensionBisBpersistentBhigher-than-
normalBbloodBpressureBandBisBprimarilyBidiopathicB(noBknownBcause).BWhenBnotBacted
BuponBpromptly,BthisBcanBleadBtoBmultipleBorganBfailureBandBsevereBcardiovascularBco
mplications.BDiureticBagentsBareBusedBinBmanagementBofBhypertensionBtoBreduceBbloo
dBpressureBbyBdecreasingBcirculatingBfluidBvolumeBandBsodium.B

Heart&BHypertension

GlaucomaBisBanBeyeBdiseaseBthatBisBcharacterizedBbyBincreasedBintraocularBpressureB(I
OP),BwhichBisBtheBpressureBinsideBtheBeyes.BWhenBnotBactedBuponBpromptly,BhighBIO
PBcanBdamageBopticBnerveBandBcauseBirreversibleBblindness.BDiureticBagentsBareBusedB
inBtheBmanagementBofBglaucomaBbyBenhancingBtheBosmoticBpullBtoBeffectivelyBremove
BsomeBfluidBinBtheBeye,BdecreasingBtheBIOP.B

ThiazideBandBThiazide-likeBDiuretics

• ThiazideBdiureticsBbelongBtoBaBchemicalBclassBofBdrugsBcalledBsulfonamides.BTh
iazide-
likeBdiureticsBhaveBdifferentBchemicalBstructureBbutBworkBinBtheBsameBmechani
smBasBthatBofBthiazideBdiuretics.

• ThisBisBamongBtheBmostBcommonlyBusedBclassBofBdiuretics.

TherapeuticBAction

• ItBcausesBactiveBpumpingBoutBofBchlorideBfromBtheBcellsBliningBtheBascendingBli
mbBofBLoopBofBHenleBandBdistalBtubuleBbyBblockingBtheBchlorideBpump.BSinceB
sodiumBpassivelyBmovesBwithBchlorideBtoBmaintainBelectricalBneutrality,BbothBso
diumBandBchlorideBareBexcretedBinBtheBurine.

Indication

• ConsideredBtoBbeBaBmilderBformBofBdiureticsBcomparedBtoBloopBdiuretics.

• First-lineBdrugsBforBmanagementBofBessentialBhypertension

Children

• HasBestablishedBpediatricBdosingBguidelinesBusedBforBtheBtreatmentBofBedemaBi
nBheartBdefectsBandBhepatorenalBdiseases;BcontrolBofBhypertensionBinBchildren.

• EffectBofBdiureticsBmayBbeBabruptBinBchildrenBbecauseBofBtheirBrapidBmetabolis
mBsoBcautionBisBexercisedBbyBcarefulBmonitoringBofBserumBelectrolyteBchangesB
andBforBevidenceBofBfluidBvolumeBchanges.

Adults