Advanced Patho Exam 1 DB Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Question 1:
Passive transport requires energy to move an uncharged molecule across a semipermeable
membrane.
True
"In passive transport, water and small, electrically uncharged molecules move easily through
pores in the plasma membrane's lipid bilayer. Molecules will easily flow downhill from a region
of high concentration to a region of low concentration, this movement is called passive because
it doesn't require expenditure of energy. It is driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and
diffusion, all of which depend on the laws of physics and do not require life" (Brashers &
Huether, 2019, p. 28).
is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an increased rate of
cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury has been severe and
prolonged. The main mechanism for
Answer:
is the production of growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell
components and ultimately, to divide.
Hyperplasia Metaplasia Dysplasia
Question 2:
Hypertrophy
Answer:
The answer is A
"Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury
has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for hyperplasia is the production of
growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell components and
ultimately, to divide. Another mechanism is increased output of new cells from tissue stem
cells" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 48).
Question 3:
Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and bone)
usually end in what suffix?
Phoma Kemia Carcinoma Sarcoma
Answer:
The answer is D
"Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and bone)
usually have the suffix sarcoma" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 347).
,Question 4:
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Hypocalcemia? Negative Trousseau's sign
Tapping on the facial nerve below the temple and the nose/lip twitching Coma
Serum Calcium level of 9.4 mg/dl
Answer:
THE ANSWER IS B. Tapping on the facial nerve below the temple and the nose/lip twitching is
also known as a positive Cvostek sign. The symptoms of hypocalcemia are related to
neuromuscular irritability. A positive Trousseau's sign would be a manifestation of
hypocalcemia, not a negative one. Serum Calcium level would need to be below 8.5 mg/dl to
indicate hypocalcemia.(McCance et al. 2014, p. 120).
Question 5:
Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic acidosis? Renal Failure
Diarrhea
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Vomiting
Answer:
THE ANSWER IS D. Vomiting would cause Metabolic Alkalosis not Metabolic Acidosis. Metabolic
Acidosis happens when the concentration of non-carbonic acids increases or bicarb is lost from
ECF and cannot be regenerated by the kidney. (McCance et al. 2014, p. 126-127).
refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells. Hypertrophy
Metaplasia Hyperplasia
Question 6:
Dysplasia
Answer:
THE ANSWER IS D. "Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of
mature cells" (McCance et al. 2014, p. 53-54).
Question 7:
TRUE or False. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in the
synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles.
Answer:
TRUE
Rationale:
"The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and
transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles. It consists of a
network of tubular or saclike channels that extend throughout the cytoplasm and are
continuous with the outer nuclear membrane" (McCance, K. L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L.,
and Rote, N. S., 2019).
,Question 8:
Which of the following statements are proven to be true about prostate cancer? Select all that
apply: Having an affected first-degree relative increases your chance of developing prostate
cancer
Non-genetic risk factors include high-carbohydrate diet Prostate cancer usually progresses
rapidly
Prostate cancer can be detected by digital examination and by examining PSA levels The mean
age of onset for developing prostate cancer is 72 years of age
Answer:
Answers: A, D, E
Rationale:
Review section over prostate cancer in text. Non-genetic risk factors include high-fat diet.
Prostate cancer usually progresses very slowly. (McCance, K. L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L.,
and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Question 9:
Which of the following statements are true about type II diabetes? Select all that apply: Type II
diabetes is insulin resistantType II diabetes in autoimmune Age of onset is usually >40
yearsObesity is common with type II diabetesThe body does not produce insulin with type II
diabetes
Answer:
Answers: A, C, D
Rationale:
Refer to table 5.7 "Comparison of Major Features of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes" (McCance, K.
L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).Your patient presents complaining of
tingling, muscle spasms in her feet and intestinal cramping. Upon examination, you elicit a
positive Chvostek sign. These are indicative ofHypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Hyperkalemia
Question 10:
Hypokalemia
Answer:
B - Hypocalcemia
Rationale:
Manifestations of hypocalcemia include increased neuromuscular excitability, tingling, muscle
spasms in feet and facial muscles, intestinal cramping, increased bowel sounds, osteoporosis
and fractures. Severe hypocalcemia can exhibit convulsions, tetany, a prolonged QT interval
and cardiac arrest. Two clinical signs of hypocalcemia include Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign.
The Chvostek sign is elicited by tapping on the facial nerve just underneath the temple. A
positive sign will result in a twitch of the nose or lip (Huether, 2019).An increase in size of cells
that consequently increased the size of the affected organ is HypertrophyDysplasia Metaplasia
, Question 11:
Which of the following statements are true about type II diabetes? Select all that apply: Type II
diabetes is insulin resistant
Type II diabetes in autoimmune Age of onset is usually >40 years
Obesity is common with type II diabetes
The body does not produce insulin with type II diabetes
Answer:
Answers: A, C, D
Rationale:
Refer to table 5.7 "Comparison of Major Features of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes" (McCance, K.
L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Your patient presents complaining of tingling, muscle spasms in her feet and intestinal
cramping. Upon examination, you elicit a positive Chvostek sign. These are indicative of
Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Hyperkalemia
Question 12:
Hypokalemia
Answer:
B - Hypocalcemia
Rationale:
Manifestations of hypocalcemia include increased neuromuscular excitability, tingling, muscle
spasms in feet and facial muscles, intestinal cramping, increased bowel sounds, osteoporosis
and fractures. Severe hypocalcemia can exhibit convulsions, tetany, a prolonged QT interval
and cardiac arrest. Two clinical signs of hypocalcemia include Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign.
The Chvostek sign is elicited by tapping on the facial nerve just underneath the temple. A
positive sign will result in a twitch of the nose or lip (Huether, 2019).
An increase in size of cells that consequently increased the size of the affected organ is
Hypertrophy
Dysplasia Metaplasia
Question 13:
Hyperplasia
Answer:
a - hypertrophy
Rationale:
"Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells that consequently increases the size of the
affected organ" (McCance, Grey, & Rodway, 2019, p. 48). The heart and kidneys are especially
responsive to enlarging.
Question 1:
Passive transport requires energy to move an uncharged molecule across a semipermeable
membrane.
True
"In passive transport, water and small, electrically uncharged molecules move easily through
pores in the plasma membrane's lipid bilayer. Molecules will easily flow downhill from a region
of high concentration to a region of low concentration, this movement is called passive because
it doesn't require expenditure of energy. It is driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and
diffusion, all of which depend on the laws of physics and do not require life" (Brashers &
Huether, 2019, p. 28).
is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an increased rate of
cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury has been severe and
prolonged. The main mechanism for
Answer:
is the production of growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell
components and ultimately, to divide.
Hyperplasia Metaplasia Dysplasia
Question 2:
Hypertrophy
Answer:
The answer is A
"Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury
has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for hyperplasia is the production of
growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell components and
ultimately, to divide. Another mechanism is increased output of new cells from tissue stem
cells" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 48).
Question 3:
Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and bone)
usually end in what suffix?
Phoma Kemia Carcinoma Sarcoma
Answer:
The answer is D
"Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and bone)
usually have the suffix sarcoma" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 347).
,Question 4:
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Hypocalcemia? Negative Trousseau's sign
Tapping on the facial nerve below the temple and the nose/lip twitching Coma
Serum Calcium level of 9.4 mg/dl
Answer:
THE ANSWER IS B. Tapping on the facial nerve below the temple and the nose/lip twitching is
also known as a positive Cvostek sign. The symptoms of hypocalcemia are related to
neuromuscular irritability. A positive Trousseau's sign would be a manifestation of
hypocalcemia, not a negative one. Serum Calcium level would need to be below 8.5 mg/dl to
indicate hypocalcemia.(McCance et al. 2014, p. 120).
Question 5:
Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic acidosis? Renal Failure
Diarrhea
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Vomiting
Answer:
THE ANSWER IS D. Vomiting would cause Metabolic Alkalosis not Metabolic Acidosis. Metabolic
Acidosis happens when the concentration of non-carbonic acids increases or bicarb is lost from
ECF and cannot be regenerated by the kidney. (McCance et al. 2014, p. 126-127).
refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells. Hypertrophy
Metaplasia Hyperplasia
Question 6:
Dysplasia
Answer:
THE ANSWER IS D. "Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of
mature cells" (McCance et al. 2014, p. 53-54).
Question 7:
TRUE or False. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in the
synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles.
Answer:
TRUE
Rationale:
"The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and
transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles. It consists of a
network of tubular or saclike channels that extend throughout the cytoplasm and are
continuous with the outer nuclear membrane" (McCance, K. L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L.,
and Rote, N. S., 2019).
,Question 8:
Which of the following statements are proven to be true about prostate cancer? Select all that
apply: Having an affected first-degree relative increases your chance of developing prostate
cancer
Non-genetic risk factors include high-carbohydrate diet Prostate cancer usually progresses
rapidly
Prostate cancer can be detected by digital examination and by examining PSA levels The mean
age of onset for developing prostate cancer is 72 years of age
Answer:
Answers: A, D, E
Rationale:
Review section over prostate cancer in text. Non-genetic risk factors include high-fat diet.
Prostate cancer usually progresses very slowly. (McCance, K. L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L.,
and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Question 9:
Which of the following statements are true about type II diabetes? Select all that apply: Type II
diabetes is insulin resistantType II diabetes in autoimmune Age of onset is usually >40
yearsObesity is common with type II diabetesThe body does not produce insulin with type II
diabetes
Answer:
Answers: A, C, D
Rationale:
Refer to table 5.7 "Comparison of Major Features of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes" (McCance, K.
L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).Your patient presents complaining of
tingling, muscle spasms in her feet and intestinal cramping. Upon examination, you elicit a
positive Chvostek sign. These are indicative ofHypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Hyperkalemia
Question 10:
Hypokalemia
Answer:
B - Hypocalcemia
Rationale:
Manifestations of hypocalcemia include increased neuromuscular excitability, tingling, muscle
spasms in feet and facial muscles, intestinal cramping, increased bowel sounds, osteoporosis
and fractures. Severe hypocalcemia can exhibit convulsions, tetany, a prolonged QT interval
and cardiac arrest. Two clinical signs of hypocalcemia include Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign.
The Chvostek sign is elicited by tapping on the facial nerve just underneath the temple. A
positive sign will result in a twitch of the nose or lip (Huether, 2019).An increase in size of cells
that consequently increased the size of the affected organ is HypertrophyDysplasia Metaplasia
, Question 11:
Which of the following statements are true about type II diabetes? Select all that apply: Type II
diabetes is insulin resistant
Type II diabetes in autoimmune Age of onset is usually >40 years
Obesity is common with type II diabetes
The body does not produce insulin with type II diabetes
Answer:
Answers: A, C, D
Rationale:
Refer to table 5.7 "Comparison of Major Features of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes" (McCance, K.
L., Huether, S.E., Brashers, V. L., and Rote, N. S., 2019).
Your patient presents complaining of tingling, muscle spasms in her feet and intestinal
cramping. Upon examination, you elicit a positive Chvostek sign. These are indicative of
Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Hyperkalemia
Question 12:
Hypokalemia
Answer:
B - Hypocalcemia
Rationale:
Manifestations of hypocalcemia include increased neuromuscular excitability, tingling, muscle
spasms in feet and facial muscles, intestinal cramping, increased bowel sounds, osteoporosis
and fractures. Severe hypocalcemia can exhibit convulsions, tetany, a prolonged QT interval
and cardiac arrest. Two clinical signs of hypocalcemia include Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign.
The Chvostek sign is elicited by tapping on the facial nerve just underneath the temple. A
positive sign will result in a twitch of the nose or lip (Huether, 2019).
An increase in size of cells that consequently increased the size of the affected organ is
Hypertrophy
Dysplasia Metaplasia
Question 13:
Hyperplasia
Answer:
a - hypertrophy
Rationale:
"Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells that consequently increases the size of the
affected organ" (McCance, Grey, & Rodway, 2019, p. 48). The heart and kidneys are especially
responsive to enlarging.
