NSG 210 MIDTERM EXAMS UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
RF for hypothyroidism - ✔✔Iodine deficiency, woman, family hx,, radiation, thyroid
surgery
S/S of hypothyroidism - ✔✔Weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, joint pain/muscle
weakness, irregular menstrual periods, brittle hair and nails
Multiple sclerosis - ✔✔progressive demyelination leading to the formation of lesions and
plaques
RF for multiple sclerosis - ✔✔family hx, living far from the equator, female, Northern
European ancestry
MRI results for multiple sclerosis - ✔✔2+ plaques in brain/spinal cord
MS paroxysmal attacks - ✔✔symptoms which last for less than 24 hours
S/S of MS - ✔✔often vague and unspecific, intention tremors, fatigue, dysarthria
(speech), dysmetria (limit movement), diplopia, dysphagia, hypoalgesia, scotomas
(changes in peripheral view), tinnitus, bladder/bowel dysfunction
Raloxifene teaching - ✔✔Avoid sitting for prolonged periods of time.
Report signs/symptoms of cerebrovascular accident, pulmonary embolism, and deep
vein thrombosis.
Monitor liver function
Denosumab teaching - ✔✔Report new musc/skeletal pain
Monitor serum calcium and magnesium
Report infections
, Lab assessment for MS - ✔✔Elevated proteins, WBCs, and IgG in CSF
3 phases of fracture healing - ✔✔1. Inflammatory: formation of the granulation tissue
callus at the periphery of the post-fracture hemorrhage clot.
2. Reparative phase: differentiation of pluripotent (multiple abilities) cells into fibroblasts
and osteoblast. Process proceeds from the periphery toward the center of the fracture in
order to resorb blood clot and provide neovascularization.
3. Remodeling: reorganization and restoration. Osteoclasts chop off imperfections.
Nonunion - ✔✔failure of fractured bones to heal together
Delayed union - ✔✔prolongation of expected healing time for a fracture
Malunion - ✔✔when the two bony ends of the fracture fail to heal together correctly
Compartment syndrome - ✔✔edema and swelling cause increased pressure in muscle
compartment, allowing muscle and nerve damage
s/s of compartment syndrome - ✔✔5p's, swelling
Treatment for compartment syndrome - ✔✔Prevention: elevate above heart and ice
Treat: remove cast, fasciotomy
Fat embolism syndrome - ✔✔Typically occurs due to femur fracture
Fat released from bone marrow enters bloodstream and becomes trapped in capillaries
S/S of fat embolism syndrome - ✔✔1st symptom= respiratory, same s/s of PE except
petechial rash on chest/neck/mucous membranes, mild fever
Treatment of fat embolism syndrome - ✔✔early recognition, correct hypovolemia,
respiratory support
Fiberglass vs plaster casts - ✔✔Fiberglass- more common, dries quicker, decreases
risk for impaired tissue integrity
Plaster- traditional, feels hot at first, dries slower
Skin traction vs skeletal traction - ✔✔Skin Traction - short term treatment 48 to 72 hours
until skeletal traction or surgery is possible, prevent muscle spasm
Skeletal Traction - application of a pulling force to an injured extremity, fixes alignment
of bone
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
RF for hypothyroidism - ✔✔Iodine deficiency, woman, family hx,, radiation, thyroid
surgery
S/S of hypothyroidism - ✔✔Weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, joint pain/muscle
weakness, irregular menstrual periods, brittle hair and nails
Multiple sclerosis - ✔✔progressive demyelination leading to the formation of lesions and
plaques
RF for multiple sclerosis - ✔✔family hx, living far from the equator, female, Northern
European ancestry
MRI results for multiple sclerosis - ✔✔2+ plaques in brain/spinal cord
MS paroxysmal attacks - ✔✔symptoms which last for less than 24 hours
S/S of MS - ✔✔often vague and unspecific, intention tremors, fatigue, dysarthria
(speech), dysmetria (limit movement), diplopia, dysphagia, hypoalgesia, scotomas
(changes in peripheral view), tinnitus, bladder/bowel dysfunction
Raloxifene teaching - ✔✔Avoid sitting for prolonged periods of time.
Report signs/symptoms of cerebrovascular accident, pulmonary embolism, and deep
vein thrombosis.
Monitor liver function
Denosumab teaching - ✔✔Report new musc/skeletal pain
Monitor serum calcium and magnesium
Report infections
, Lab assessment for MS - ✔✔Elevated proteins, WBCs, and IgG in CSF
3 phases of fracture healing - ✔✔1. Inflammatory: formation of the granulation tissue
callus at the periphery of the post-fracture hemorrhage clot.
2. Reparative phase: differentiation of pluripotent (multiple abilities) cells into fibroblasts
and osteoblast. Process proceeds from the periphery toward the center of the fracture in
order to resorb blood clot and provide neovascularization.
3. Remodeling: reorganization and restoration. Osteoclasts chop off imperfections.
Nonunion - ✔✔failure of fractured bones to heal together
Delayed union - ✔✔prolongation of expected healing time for a fracture
Malunion - ✔✔when the two bony ends of the fracture fail to heal together correctly
Compartment syndrome - ✔✔edema and swelling cause increased pressure in muscle
compartment, allowing muscle and nerve damage
s/s of compartment syndrome - ✔✔5p's, swelling
Treatment for compartment syndrome - ✔✔Prevention: elevate above heart and ice
Treat: remove cast, fasciotomy
Fat embolism syndrome - ✔✔Typically occurs due to femur fracture
Fat released from bone marrow enters bloodstream and becomes trapped in capillaries
S/S of fat embolism syndrome - ✔✔1st symptom= respiratory, same s/s of PE except
petechial rash on chest/neck/mucous membranes, mild fever
Treatment of fat embolism syndrome - ✔✔early recognition, correct hypovolemia,
respiratory support
Fiberglass vs plaster casts - ✔✔Fiberglass- more common, dries quicker, decreases
risk for impaired tissue integrity
Plaster- traditional, feels hot at first, dries slower
Skin traction vs skeletal traction - ✔✔Skin Traction - short term treatment 48 to 72 hours
until skeletal traction or surgery is possible, prevent muscle spasm
Skeletal Traction - application of a pulling force to an injured extremity, fixes alignment
of bone
