ENGLISH 01 - Oral Communication
COURSE OUTCOME 2: “Functions, Strategies, and Intercultural
Communication”
➢ LESSON 1 - Functions of Communication
➢ LESSON 2 - Types of Communicative Strategies
➢ LESSON 3 - Intercultural Communication
CITATION & REFERENCES
Jakobson, R. (1960). Closing statement: Linguistics and poetics. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Style in
Language (pp. 350–377). MIT Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1975). Learning How to Mean: Explorations in the Development of Language.
Edward Arnold.
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of
turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50(4), 696–735.
Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond Culture. Anchor Books/Doubleday.
Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., McDaniel, E. R., & Roy, C. S. (2017). Communication Between
Cultures (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Gudykunst, W. B., & Kim, Y. Y. (2003). Communicating with Strangers: An Approach to
Intercultural Communication (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
IMPORTANT VOCABULARY
➢ Register — the level of formality used in language, adjusted based on audience and situation.
➢ High-context Culture — a culture that relies heavily on implicit cues, shared understanding,
and nonverbal signals rather than explicit words (e.g., Japan, many Middle Eastern cultures).
➢ Low-context Culture — a culture that relies primarily on explicit, direct verbal
communication (e.g., the United States, Germany).
➢ Ethnocentrism — the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one's own culture,
often a barrier to effective intercultural communication.
, LESSON 1: Functions of Communication
When people communicate, they’re consciously or unconsciously serving one (or several) of these core
functions: [R/C-SI-M-EE-I]
1. Regulation/Control — communication used to control or regulate the behavior of others, or to
describe/explain events. Example: a teacher saying, "Please open your books to page 10," or a doctor
explaining a diagnosis.
2. Social Interaction — communication used to establish and maintain relationships and social
bonds. Example: greeting a friend, small talk, or catching up with family.
3. Motivation — communication used to encourage, persuade, or motivate others (or oneself)
toward a goal. Example: a coach giving a pep talk before a game, or a manager encouraging a team to
meet a deadline.
4. Emotional Expression — communication used to express feelings and emotions. Example: telling
a friend "I'm really excited about this," or crying/laughing to convey emotion nonverbally.
5. Information — communication used to relay facts, data, or knowledge. Example: a weather
reporter announcing tomorrow's forecast, or a news anchor reporting current events.
These functions frequently overlap in real conversations — a single sentence like "I'm so proud of you for
finishing the project!" simultaneously expresses emotion and provides motivation.
COURSE OUTCOME 2: “Functions, Strategies, and Intercultural
Communication”
➢ LESSON 1 - Functions of Communication
➢ LESSON 2 - Types of Communicative Strategies
➢ LESSON 3 - Intercultural Communication
CITATION & REFERENCES
Jakobson, R. (1960). Closing statement: Linguistics and poetics. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Style in
Language (pp. 350–377). MIT Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1975). Learning How to Mean: Explorations in the Development of Language.
Edward Arnold.
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of
turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50(4), 696–735.
Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond Culture. Anchor Books/Doubleday.
Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., McDaniel, E. R., & Roy, C. S. (2017). Communication Between
Cultures (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Gudykunst, W. B., & Kim, Y. Y. (2003). Communicating with Strangers: An Approach to
Intercultural Communication (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
IMPORTANT VOCABULARY
➢ Register — the level of formality used in language, adjusted based on audience and situation.
➢ High-context Culture — a culture that relies heavily on implicit cues, shared understanding,
and nonverbal signals rather than explicit words (e.g., Japan, many Middle Eastern cultures).
➢ Low-context Culture — a culture that relies primarily on explicit, direct verbal
communication (e.g., the United States, Germany).
➢ Ethnocentrism — the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one's own culture,
often a barrier to effective intercultural communication.
, LESSON 1: Functions of Communication
When people communicate, they’re consciously or unconsciously serving one (or several) of these core
functions: [R/C-SI-M-EE-I]
1. Regulation/Control — communication used to control or regulate the behavior of others, or to
describe/explain events. Example: a teacher saying, "Please open your books to page 10," or a doctor
explaining a diagnosis.
2. Social Interaction — communication used to establish and maintain relationships and social
bonds. Example: greeting a friend, small talk, or catching up with family.
3. Motivation — communication used to encourage, persuade, or motivate others (or oneself)
toward a goal. Example: a coach giving a pep talk before a game, or a manager encouraging a team to
meet a deadline.
4. Emotional Expression — communication used to express feelings and emotions. Example: telling
a friend "I'm really excited about this," or crying/laughing to convey emotion nonverbally.
5. Information — communication used to relay facts, data, or knowledge. Example: a weather
reporter announcing tomorrow's forecast, or a news anchor reporting current events.
These functions frequently overlap in real conversations — a single sentence like "I'm so proud of you for
finishing the project!" simultaneously expresses emotion and provides motivation.
