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The Normal Cell Cycle -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of
processes of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell
division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by
gathering and processing complexes molecular
information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase Cell division produces two identical cells through
these two major phases
During interphase: Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the
following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
,First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) -cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready
to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to
days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) -DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA
(chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) -Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated,
and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are -G1 checkpoint
entry and exit from
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phaseBusiness ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of theoretical knowledge and
practical application. Depending on the subject area, these exams can vary significantly in
format. Common types of business exams and Writing Skills: Business exams may
require students to present ideas clearly and concisely. Students
, Restriction Point -The transition from the resting phase into an
actively dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point where
cellular transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition
phase known as a restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into
G1, and GF are required to send the cells past the
restriction point, or the point of no return
G0 Phase (resting phase) -After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1
phase or go into a resting phase, known as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
-Exceptions to this are those that are -Exceptions to this are those that are metabollically
(Resting in G0 phase) active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
Cell cycle video and image http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/007249585
5/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_
cycle_works.htmlBusiness ExamsBusiness exams are often a mix of
theoretical knowledge and practical application. Depending on the subject area, these
exams can vary significantly in format. Common types of business exams and Writing
Skills: Business exams may require students to present ideas clearly and concisely.
Students