BI 121 Exam Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
4 tissue types
epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous
Epithelial
made up on the wall of the stomach, forms the inner lining that provides protective coating
Connective tissues
(binds cells and other tissues together) two basic components: cells and varying amounts of
extracellular materials, such as fiber
Endocrine glands
hormones, glands that break off completely during embryo development; released inside the
blood vessels inside the gland which is transported throughout body in bloodstream ; system
that produces HORMONES
hormones that are chemical substances produced by these glands, released in the blood,
hormones travel to distant sites where they cause some kind of change
Loose connective tissue
loosely knit mesh of fibers and cells; serves as packing material around cells; FAT CELLS is
an example
Dense fibrous connective tissues
densely packed fibers, found in tendons and ligaments
Ligaments
,structures that reinforce joints; join bone to bone at joints
Tendons
dense connective tissue; connects muscle to the bones of the body; when muscle contracts, its
tendon pulls on the bone, causing movement
Cartilage
tip of nose, ears, end of bones, has no blood vessels and must be nourished by nutrients that
comes from blood vessels surrounding this tissue
cushion between bones
Bone
dynamic, living tissue that forms the internal framework of our bodies- skeleton; provides
protection to internal organs (brain, heart, lungs); calcium reserve- required to reduce blood
clotting
Smooth muscle
alone or in small groups, arranged in sheets in the walls of organs (stomach and intestines)
Nervous tissue
consists of nerve cells, or neurons that respond to stimuli such as pain or temperature
Organs
structures in the body that perform specific functions
Organ systems
organs with similar functions
Homeostasis
, essential for maintaining internal conditions vital to the survival of cells, tissues, organs and
our own survival
-state of relative internal constancy
when homeostasis is altered, we become sick
It requires a healthy, clean environment
Environmental factors such as pollution, affect the function of cells and organ systems
Negative feedback
trying to get something back to the target temperature
say you have a fever and you are trying to get the temperature to go down- usually you will
start sweating which tries to cool the body down but can be too much so your body will
reverse that to regulate your body temperature
A situation of negative feedback
Furnace of house maintains a constant internal temp, even though outside temp fluctuates
The furnace is controlled by the thermostat, which monitors room temperature
when indoor temp falls below desired setting, the thermostat sends electric signal to furnace,
turning it on- heat is generated by the furnace and distributed throughout the house, raising
room temp
Once the temperature reaches desired setting, the furnace will turn off
Sensors
crucial to homeostasis, detect changes in internal and external conditions
Ex: nerve cell endings in the skin detect temperature which then sends signal to the brain
Effectors
crucial in homeostasis, make adjustments for what the sensors detect
Answers
4 tissue types
epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous
Epithelial
made up on the wall of the stomach, forms the inner lining that provides protective coating
Connective tissues
(binds cells and other tissues together) two basic components: cells and varying amounts of
extracellular materials, such as fiber
Endocrine glands
hormones, glands that break off completely during embryo development; released inside the
blood vessels inside the gland which is transported throughout body in bloodstream ; system
that produces HORMONES
hormones that are chemical substances produced by these glands, released in the blood,
hormones travel to distant sites where they cause some kind of change
Loose connective tissue
loosely knit mesh of fibers and cells; serves as packing material around cells; FAT CELLS is
an example
Dense fibrous connective tissues
densely packed fibers, found in tendons and ligaments
Ligaments
,structures that reinforce joints; join bone to bone at joints
Tendons
dense connective tissue; connects muscle to the bones of the body; when muscle contracts, its
tendon pulls on the bone, causing movement
Cartilage
tip of nose, ears, end of bones, has no blood vessels and must be nourished by nutrients that
comes from blood vessels surrounding this tissue
cushion between bones
Bone
dynamic, living tissue that forms the internal framework of our bodies- skeleton; provides
protection to internal organs (brain, heart, lungs); calcium reserve- required to reduce blood
clotting
Smooth muscle
alone or in small groups, arranged in sheets in the walls of organs (stomach and intestines)
Nervous tissue
consists of nerve cells, or neurons that respond to stimuli such as pain or temperature
Organs
structures in the body that perform specific functions
Organ systems
organs with similar functions
Homeostasis
, essential for maintaining internal conditions vital to the survival of cells, tissues, organs and
our own survival
-state of relative internal constancy
when homeostasis is altered, we become sick
It requires a healthy, clean environment
Environmental factors such as pollution, affect the function of cells and organ systems
Negative feedback
trying to get something back to the target temperature
say you have a fever and you are trying to get the temperature to go down- usually you will
start sweating which tries to cool the body down but can be too much so your body will
reverse that to regulate your body temperature
A situation of negative feedback
Furnace of house maintains a constant internal temp, even though outside temp fluctuates
The furnace is controlled by the thermostat, which monitors room temperature
when indoor temp falls below desired setting, the thermostat sends electric signal to furnace,
turning it on- heat is generated by the furnace and distributed throughout the house, raising
room temp
Once the temperature reaches desired setting, the furnace will turn off
Sensors
crucial to homeostasis, detect changes in internal and external conditions
Ex: nerve cell endings in the skin detect temperature which then sends signal to the brain
Effectors
crucial in homeostasis, make adjustments for what the sensors detect
