ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
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2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate - CORRECT ANSWER-inhibits carbamoylated rubisco.
Synthesized in the dark and is broken down by rubisco activase or light.
A-form DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-Condensed form of DNA. Deeper major groove and shallower
minor groove.
ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Inhibited by PKA in glucagon
chain and activated by pjhosphatase in INSR chain.
Additional Cost of FAS in Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-Acetyl-CoA for lipid synthesis is made
in mitochondria and must be transferred into the cytosol via citrate transporter. Costs 2 ATP.
Affinity Chromatography - CORRECT ANSWER-Attach a ligand that binds a protein to a bead.
Elute with harsh chemicals or similar ligand.
AKAP - CORRECT ANSWER-Anchoring protein that binds to PKA, GPCR, and adenylyl cyclase.
,Amidotransferase - CORRECT ANSWER-Uses a PLP group to transfer amino group from an amino
acid to α-ketoglutarate to form L-glutamate and an α-ketoglutarate.
Ammonia (NH4+) Transportation - CORRECT ANSWER-L-glutamate is converted to L-glutamine
via glutamine synthetase.
ATP + NH4+ --> ADP + Pi
L-glutamine can be converted back to L-glutamate in the liver.
Amylopectin - CORRECT ANSWER-Has α-1,4-linkages. Has periodic α-1,6-linkages that cause
branching. Branched every 24-30 residues. Has reducing and non-reducing end.
Amylose Chain - CORRECT ANSWER-Has α-1,4-linkages that produce a coiled helix similar to an
α-helix. Has a reducing and non-reducing end.
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) - CORRECT ANSWER-Ability of some bacteria to
oxidize NH4+ and NO2- into N2. "Short-circuits" the nitrogen cycle.
Anomeric Carbon - CORRECT ANSWER-Carbon that is cyclized. Always the same as the aldo or
keto carbon in the linear form.
Anti-parallel ß-sheet - CORRECT ANSWER-Alternating sheet directions (C & N-termini don't line-
up). Has straight H-bonds.
ATP Consuming Steps of Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Step 1 and 3.
Glucose --> Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate --> Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
,ATP Producing Steps of Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Steps 7 and 10.
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate <--> 3-phosphoglycerate
PEP --> Pyruvate
B-form DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-Watson-Crick model DNA. Deep, wide major groove.
Bacteriorhodopsin - CORRECT ANSWER-Type III integral membrane protein with 7 connected
helices.
Binding Cooperativity - CORRECT ANSWER-When one subunit of hemoglobin changes from T to
R-state the other sites are more likely to change to R-state as well. Leads to sigmoidal graph.
Biotin Function - CORRECT ANSWER-Prosthetic group that serves as a CO2 carrier to separate
active sites on an enzyme
Biotin Structure - CORRECT ANSWER-
BPG (2,3-bisphosphoglycerate) - CORRECT ANSWER-Greatly reduces hemoglobin's affinity for
O2 by binding allosterically. Stabilizes T-state. Transfer of O2 can improve because increased
delivery in tissues can outweigh decreased binding in the lungs.
Bypass Reactions in Gluconeogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-Steps 1,3, and 10 must be bypassed.
C4 Plants - CORRECT ANSWER-Fix CO2 into PEP to form oxaloacetate (via PEP carboxykinase)
that is then converted to malate that carries CO2 to rubisco. Bypasses O2 binding.
CAM plants - CORRECT ANSWER-Fix CO2 into PEP to form oxaloacetate (via PEP carboxykinase)
that is converted to malate at night and stored until the day time.
, cAMP - CORRECT ANSWER-Secondary messenger in GPCR signalling. Formed from ATP by
adenylyl cyclase. Activates PKA (protein kinase A).
Cardiolipin - CORRECT ANSWER-"Lipid staple" that ties two proteins (or complexes) together in
a membrane. Formed from two phosphoglycerols.
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER-Comes from plants. Poly D-glucose. Formed from ß-1,4-linkage.
Form sheets due to equatorial -OH groups that H-bond with other chains.
Chargaff's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER-Ratio of A:T and G:C are always equal or close to 1
Chitin - CORRECT ANSWER-Homopolymer of N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosamine. Have ß-1,4-linkages.
Found in lobsters, squid beaks, beetle shells, etc.
Cholesterol Synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER-Synthesized from 15 acetyl-CoA through a number of
intermediates.
Chymotripsin - CORRECT ANSWER-Cleaves proteins on C-terminal endof Phe, Trp, and Tyr
Circular Dichroism - CORRECT ANSWER-Uses UV light to measure 2° structure. Can be used to
measure destabilization.
CO2 binding in Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER-Forms carbonic acid that shifts hemoglobin to
T-state. O2 binding affinity decreases. Used in the peripheral tissues.
CO2 Producing Steps of the Citric Acid Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-Steps 3 and 4
Isocitrate --> α-ketoglutarate
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ LATEST UPDATE
100% GUARANTEED PASS
2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate - CORRECT ANSWER-inhibits carbamoylated rubisco.
Synthesized in the dark and is broken down by rubisco activase or light.
A-form DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-Condensed form of DNA. Deeper major groove and shallower
minor groove.
ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Inhibited by PKA in glucagon
chain and activated by pjhosphatase in INSR chain.
Additional Cost of FAS in Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-Acetyl-CoA for lipid synthesis is made
in mitochondria and must be transferred into the cytosol via citrate transporter. Costs 2 ATP.
Affinity Chromatography - CORRECT ANSWER-Attach a ligand that binds a protein to a bead.
Elute with harsh chemicals or similar ligand.
AKAP - CORRECT ANSWER-Anchoring protein that binds to PKA, GPCR, and adenylyl cyclase.
,Amidotransferase - CORRECT ANSWER-Uses a PLP group to transfer amino group from an amino
acid to α-ketoglutarate to form L-glutamate and an α-ketoglutarate.
Ammonia (NH4+) Transportation - CORRECT ANSWER-L-glutamate is converted to L-glutamine
via glutamine synthetase.
ATP + NH4+ --> ADP + Pi
L-glutamine can be converted back to L-glutamate in the liver.
Amylopectin - CORRECT ANSWER-Has α-1,4-linkages. Has periodic α-1,6-linkages that cause
branching. Branched every 24-30 residues. Has reducing and non-reducing end.
Amylose Chain - CORRECT ANSWER-Has α-1,4-linkages that produce a coiled helix similar to an
α-helix. Has a reducing and non-reducing end.
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) - CORRECT ANSWER-Ability of some bacteria to
oxidize NH4+ and NO2- into N2. "Short-circuits" the nitrogen cycle.
Anomeric Carbon - CORRECT ANSWER-Carbon that is cyclized. Always the same as the aldo or
keto carbon in the linear form.
Anti-parallel ß-sheet - CORRECT ANSWER-Alternating sheet directions (C & N-termini don't line-
up). Has straight H-bonds.
ATP Consuming Steps of Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Step 1 and 3.
Glucose --> Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate --> Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
,ATP Producing Steps of Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Steps 7 and 10.
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate <--> 3-phosphoglycerate
PEP --> Pyruvate
B-form DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-Watson-Crick model DNA. Deep, wide major groove.
Bacteriorhodopsin - CORRECT ANSWER-Type III integral membrane protein with 7 connected
helices.
Binding Cooperativity - CORRECT ANSWER-When one subunit of hemoglobin changes from T to
R-state the other sites are more likely to change to R-state as well. Leads to sigmoidal graph.
Biotin Function - CORRECT ANSWER-Prosthetic group that serves as a CO2 carrier to separate
active sites on an enzyme
Biotin Structure - CORRECT ANSWER-
BPG (2,3-bisphosphoglycerate) - CORRECT ANSWER-Greatly reduces hemoglobin's affinity for
O2 by binding allosterically. Stabilizes T-state. Transfer of O2 can improve because increased
delivery in tissues can outweigh decreased binding in the lungs.
Bypass Reactions in Gluconeogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-Steps 1,3, and 10 must be bypassed.
C4 Plants - CORRECT ANSWER-Fix CO2 into PEP to form oxaloacetate (via PEP carboxykinase)
that is then converted to malate that carries CO2 to rubisco. Bypasses O2 binding.
CAM plants - CORRECT ANSWER-Fix CO2 into PEP to form oxaloacetate (via PEP carboxykinase)
that is converted to malate at night and stored until the day time.
, cAMP - CORRECT ANSWER-Secondary messenger in GPCR signalling. Formed from ATP by
adenylyl cyclase. Activates PKA (protein kinase A).
Cardiolipin - CORRECT ANSWER-"Lipid staple" that ties two proteins (or complexes) together in
a membrane. Formed from two phosphoglycerols.
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER-Comes from plants. Poly D-glucose. Formed from ß-1,4-linkage.
Form sheets due to equatorial -OH groups that H-bond with other chains.
Chargaff's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER-Ratio of A:T and G:C are always equal or close to 1
Chitin - CORRECT ANSWER-Homopolymer of N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosamine. Have ß-1,4-linkages.
Found in lobsters, squid beaks, beetle shells, etc.
Cholesterol Synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER-Synthesized from 15 acetyl-CoA through a number of
intermediates.
Chymotripsin - CORRECT ANSWER-Cleaves proteins on C-terminal endof Phe, Trp, and Tyr
Circular Dichroism - CORRECT ANSWER-Uses UV light to measure 2° structure. Can be used to
measure destabilization.
CO2 binding in Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER-Forms carbonic acid that shifts hemoglobin to
T-state. O2 binding affinity decreases. Used in the peripheral tissues.
CO2 Producing Steps of the Citric Acid Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-Steps 3 and 4
Isocitrate --> α-ketoglutarate
