POB (Principles of Biology) Shadwick Final
Assessment Rated A+
Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER-discovered bacteria and protist
Pasteur - ANSWER-disproved the theory of spontaneous generation
Microbiota - ANSWER-the microbes living on your body
Benefits of microbes - ANSWER-aids in digestion, antibiotics, food production,
promote immune system
Chemicals Evolution - ANSWER-life on earth ordinated from non-living matter
through a series of chemical transformations
What are the 4 stages leading to the formation of cells? - ANSWER-1. Evolution of
monomers
2. Evolution of polymers
3. Evolution of photobionts
4. Evolution of Living Cells
Miller-Urey experiment - ANSWER-Tested the idea that the organic building blocks
of life could form from inorganic molecules.
Created a model of Earth's early atmosphere and then added an energy source to
trigger a chemicals reaction resulting in amino acids.
Archaea - ANSWER--genetical similar to Eukaryotes but still prokaryotic
-plasma membrane single lipid
layer
Bacteria - ANSWER--Prokaryotes
-Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes - ANSWER--nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Halophiles - ANSWER-- Archaea in salt habitats
thermoacidophiles - ANSWER--thermoacid - think hot and acidic
-archaea that live in hot acidic environments
methanogens - ANSWER-Archaea that release methane, a greenhouse gas.
Commonly found in animal intestines
Key structures of Bacteria - ANSWER-Flagella - movement
Fimbriae - to attach to different surfaces
Single circular chromosomes or Plasmids
, How do bacteria reproduce? - ANSWER-binary fission
Conjugation - ANSWER-donor cell passes DNA to a recipient cell by way of a sex
pilus
Transformation - ANSWER-bacterium takes up DNA from environmentreleased by
dead bacteria
Transduction - ANSWER-viruses carry bacterial DNA from cell to cell
Cyanobacteria - ANSWER-photoautotrophs, bacteria that can do photosynthesis and
are green. Most similar to plants
Streptococcus Pyrogenes - ANSWER-Pharyngitis/ Strep throat
Impetigo in infants: mild skin disease
Scarlet Fever - red rash
Rheumatic fever: auto-immune
Staphylococcus aureus - ANSWER-Usually limited to skin infections
2 types of food poisoning - ANSWER-1. toxin while growing in food.
2. toxin growing in intestines, usually an infection
function of most antibiotics - ANSWER-inhibit bacteria by interfering with a unique
metabolic pathway of bacteria
Viruses - ANSWER--acellular structures that are parasites
-require a host
-DNA or RNA core
Capsid - protein outer portion
Virus Reproduction - ANSWER-1. Attach to host cell.
2. Inject DNA into host cell
3. Make copies by using host cell DNA 4. Each copy gets protein coat.
5.Host cell dies.
Antigenic Drift - ANSWER-viruses accumulate mutations in their genes, resulting in
changes to the proteins on the surface of the virus
(Think just a mutation or minor change)
Antigenic Shift - ANSWER-an abrupt, major change in a flu A virus.
(Think completely different strand of virus or a major change)
Prions - ANSWER-protein infectious particles, Prions passed through ingestion of
infected tissue
(Think protein when asked about Prions)
Assessment Rated A+
Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER-discovered bacteria and protist
Pasteur - ANSWER-disproved the theory of spontaneous generation
Microbiota - ANSWER-the microbes living on your body
Benefits of microbes - ANSWER-aids in digestion, antibiotics, food production,
promote immune system
Chemicals Evolution - ANSWER-life on earth ordinated from non-living matter
through a series of chemical transformations
What are the 4 stages leading to the formation of cells? - ANSWER-1. Evolution of
monomers
2. Evolution of polymers
3. Evolution of photobionts
4. Evolution of Living Cells
Miller-Urey experiment - ANSWER-Tested the idea that the organic building blocks
of life could form from inorganic molecules.
Created a model of Earth's early atmosphere and then added an energy source to
trigger a chemicals reaction resulting in amino acids.
Archaea - ANSWER--genetical similar to Eukaryotes but still prokaryotic
-plasma membrane single lipid
layer
Bacteria - ANSWER--Prokaryotes
-Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes - ANSWER--nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Halophiles - ANSWER-- Archaea in salt habitats
thermoacidophiles - ANSWER--thermoacid - think hot and acidic
-archaea that live in hot acidic environments
methanogens - ANSWER-Archaea that release methane, a greenhouse gas.
Commonly found in animal intestines
Key structures of Bacteria - ANSWER-Flagella - movement
Fimbriae - to attach to different surfaces
Single circular chromosomes or Plasmids
, How do bacteria reproduce? - ANSWER-binary fission
Conjugation - ANSWER-donor cell passes DNA to a recipient cell by way of a sex
pilus
Transformation - ANSWER-bacterium takes up DNA from environmentreleased by
dead bacteria
Transduction - ANSWER-viruses carry bacterial DNA from cell to cell
Cyanobacteria - ANSWER-photoautotrophs, bacteria that can do photosynthesis and
are green. Most similar to plants
Streptococcus Pyrogenes - ANSWER-Pharyngitis/ Strep throat
Impetigo in infants: mild skin disease
Scarlet Fever - red rash
Rheumatic fever: auto-immune
Staphylococcus aureus - ANSWER-Usually limited to skin infections
2 types of food poisoning - ANSWER-1. toxin while growing in food.
2. toxin growing in intestines, usually an infection
function of most antibiotics - ANSWER-inhibit bacteria by interfering with a unique
metabolic pathway of bacteria
Viruses - ANSWER--acellular structures that are parasites
-require a host
-DNA or RNA core
Capsid - protein outer portion
Virus Reproduction - ANSWER-1. Attach to host cell.
2. Inject DNA into host cell
3. Make copies by using host cell DNA 4. Each copy gets protein coat.
5.Host cell dies.
Antigenic Drift - ANSWER-viruses accumulate mutations in their genes, resulting in
changes to the proteins on the surface of the virus
(Think just a mutation or minor change)
Antigenic Shift - ANSWER-an abrupt, major change in a flu A virus.
(Think completely different strand of virus or a major change)
Prions - ANSWER-protein infectious particles, Prions passed through ingestion of
infected tissue
(Think protein when asked about Prions)
