NR 413 - Pharmacology Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Question: Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: how body processes medications
Question: 4 parts of pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Question: Pharmacodynamics
Correct Answer: how it affects the body
Question: Absorption
Correct Answer: drug enters body from site of action into the blood stream
Question: Two ways we prepare for absorption
Correct Answer: disintegration: break down of oral drug into small particles dissolution: dissolving
smaller particles in G.I before absorption
Question: what are fillers and binders
Correct Answer: ingredients that allow for better absorption and dissolution in a drug
Question: 3 ways drugs pass through cell membrane
Correct Answer: (1) channels and pores; (2) transport systems; (3) direct penetration
Question: what are the 2 transport Systems
Correct Answer: active and passive transport
Question: Active Transport
Correct Answer: requires energy (ATP) and a carrier enzyme or protein to move drug against
concentration gradient; uses P-glycoproteins to 'pump drugs out'.
Question: Passive Transport
Correct Answer: (direct penetration); usually though mucosa of intestines. using diffusion and facilitated
Question: diffusion
Correct Answer: from high to low concentration
Question: facilitated diffusion
Correct Answer: help of a carrier protein from high to low concentrations
Question: direct penetration
Correct Answer: usually though mucosa of intestines; drugs formulated to be lipid soluble to pass through
the lipophilic membranes; highly soluble drugs absorb best
Question: ionization in the absorption process
Correct Answer: causes decrease in drug efficacy (BAD); process of giving up or receiving a H+ ion;
acidic drugs absorb in acidic environments (increased absorption) and basic drugs absorb in basic
, environments (increase absorption)
Question: 3 factors affecting absorption
Correct Answer: speed of gastric emptying (fast=decreased absorption; slow=increased absorption),
surface area (increased SA= increased absorption), blood flow
Question: basis of distribution
Correct Answer: drug movement from blood stream to site of action
Question: 3 key processes in distribution
Correct Answer: blood flow to tissues, exiting the vascular system, protein binding
Question: blood flow to tissues
Correct Answer: good perfusion= good distribution, bad perfusion= bad distribution
Question: 2 pathologic conditions limiting blood flow
Correct Answer: abscesses and tumors
Question: exiting the vascular system
Correct Answer: exits via capillary beds; special ones include our BBB (tight junctions between cells),
placental transfer (membranes of placenta separate maternal and fetal circulation), drug transfer through
breast feeding
Question: protein binding
Correct Answer: most drugs bind with protein (albumin); drugs bound w/ protein unable to cause an effect
or are free and can cause effect
Question: basis of metabolism
Correct Answer: liver is primary site of drug metabolism
Question: first pass effect
Correct Answer: drug goes through hepatic portal vein before traveling to heart for distribution; liver
metabolises a little ’ reduces a portion of drug available to respond
Question: bioavailability
Correct Answer: % of drug available to cause activity
Question: enzyme responsible for drug metabolism
Correct Answer: CYP450
Question: what do CYP450 enzymes do
Correct Answer: convert drugs into metabolites to be ready for excretion and converts drugs into
water-soluble form to be excreted
Question: how do drugs become inactivated
Correct Answer: hepatic CYP450 enzymes inactivate metabolites (metabolized drugs) so they cannot
cause an effect
Question: accelerated renal excretion of drugs
CORRECT Answers
Question: Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: how body processes medications
Question: 4 parts of pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Question: Pharmacodynamics
Correct Answer: how it affects the body
Question: Absorption
Correct Answer: drug enters body from site of action into the blood stream
Question: Two ways we prepare for absorption
Correct Answer: disintegration: break down of oral drug into small particles dissolution: dissolving
smaller particles in G.I before absorption
Question: what are fillers and binders
Correct Answer: ingredients that allow for better absorption and dissolution in a drug
Question: 3 ways drugs pass through cell membrane
Correct Answer: (1) channels and pores; (2) transport systems; (3) direct penetration
Question: what are the 2 transport Systems
Correct Answer: active and passive transport
Question: Active Transport
Correct Answer: requires energy (ATP) and a carrier enzyme or protein to move drug against
concentration gradient; uses P-glycoproteins to 'pump drugs out'.
Question: Passive Transport
Correct Answer: (direct penetration); usually though mucosa of intestines. using diffusion and facilitated
Question: diffusion
Correct Answer: from high to low concentration
Question: facilitated diffusion
Correct Answer: help of a carrier protein from high to low concentrations
Question: direct penetration
Correct Answer: usually though mucosa of intestines; drugs formulated to be lipid soluble to pass through
the lipophilic membranes; highly soluble drugs absorb best
Question: ionization in the absorption process
Correct Answer: causes decrease in drug efficacy (BAD); process of giving up or receiving a H+ ion;
acidic drugs absorb in acidic environments (increased absorption) and basic drugs absorb in basic
, environments (increase absorption)
Question: 3 factors affecting absorption
Correct Answer: speed of gastric emptying (fast=decreased absorption; slow=increased absorption),
surface area (increased SA= increased absorption), blood flow
Question: basis of distribution
Correct Answer: drug movement from blood stream to site of action
Question: 3 key processes in distribution
Correct Answer: blood flow to tissues, exiting the vascular system, protein binding
Question: blood flow to tissues
Correct Answer: good perfusion= good distribution, bad perfusion= bad distribution
Question: 2 pathologic conditions limiting blood flow
Correct Answer: abscesses and tumors
Question: exiting the vascular system
Correct Answer: exits via capillary beds; special ones include our BBB (tight junctions between cells),
placental transfer (membranes of placenta separate maternal and fetal circulation), drug transfer through
breast feeding
Question: protein binding
Correct Answer: most drugs bind with protein (albumin); drugs bound w/ protein unable to cause an effect
or are free and can cause effect
Question: basis of metabolism
Correct Answer: liver is primary site of drug metabolism
Question: first pass effect
Correct Answer: drug goes through hepatic portal vein before traveling to heart for distribution; liver
metabolises a little ’ reduces a portion of drug available to respond
Question: bioavailability
Correct Answer: % of drug available to cause activity
Question: enzyme responsible for drug metabolism
Correct Answer: CYP450
Question: what do CYP450 enzymes do
Correct Answer: convert drugs into metabolites to be ready for excretion and converts drugs into
water-soluble form to be excreted
Question: how do drugs become inactivated
Correct Answer: hepatic CYP450 enzymes inactivate metabolites (metabolized drugs) so they cannot
cause an effect
Question: accelerated renal excretion of drugs
