WOC Ostomy Care Web Final Exam 2026–2027 | 270 Questions & Correct Answers
WOUND, OSTOMY, AND CONTINENCE (WOC) NURSING
OSTOMY CARE WEB FINAL EXAM
2026–2027
270 Questions and Correct Answers | Graded A+ | 100% Verified
Key Domains: Ostomy Care, Stoma Assessment and Management, Pouching Systems,
Peristomal Skin Care, Wound Healing, Continence Management,
Patient Education, and Complication Prevention
INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is followed by four options (A–D). The correct answer is highlighted in
bold cyan along with a concise rationale explaining clinical reasoning, evidence-based
practice, and why alternative options are less appropriate.
DOMAIN 1: Ostomy Care
Questions 1–34
1. A WOC nurse is educating a patient with a newly created end sigmoid colostomy about expected effluent
characteristics. Which description best reflects the typical output of a mature sigmoid colostomy?
A. Formed to semi-formed, brown, and similar to normal stool
B. Liquid, greenish-yellow, and continuous with enzymatic activity
C. Thin, watery, clear to pale yellow, and contains mucus shreds
D. Paste-like, golden-yellow, and highly odorous with particles of undigested food
Answer: A
Rationale: A sigmoid colostomy is located in the descending colon, where the majority of water absorption has already
occurred. The effluent from a mature sigmoid colostomy is typically formed to semi-formed and brown, closely
resembling normal rectal stool. Liquid, greenish-yellow effluent is characteristic of an ileostomy. Thin, watery, clear
output describes urostomy effluent. Paste-like, golden-yellow stool with visible undigested food is typical of a proximal
ileostomy or jejunostomy.
2. A patient with ulcerative colitis is being evaluated for surgical intervention. The surgeon plans to
perform a total proctocolectomy with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) and a temporary loop
ileostomy. What is the primary purpose of the temporary loop ileostomy in this scenario?
A. To provide permanent diversion because the patient is not a candidate for reconnection
B. To reduce the risk of small bowel obstruction from adhesions
C. To allow for ongoing surveillance of the rectal stump for dysplasia
D. To protect the newly constructed ileal pouch and anastomosis while it heals
Answer: D
Rationale: In an IPAA procedure, a temporary loop ileostomy is created to divert fecal flow away from the newly
constructed ileal pouch and the ileoanal anastomosis during the critical healing period, typically for 8 to 12 weeks. This
1
, WOC Ostomy Care Web Final Exam 2026–2027 | 270 Questions & Correct Answers
protects the anastomosis from the pressure and enzymatic activity of ileal effluent, reducing the risk of anastomotic leak
and pouch complications. It is not permanent; the stoma is closed after healing is confirmed. Surveillance for dysplasia
is less relevant once the colon and rectum are removed. The loop ileostomy does not prevent adhesion-related
obstruction.
3. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a loop stoma compared with an end stoma?
A. It requires a separate incision for placement rather than using the primary surgical incision
B. It is typically created as a permanent intestinal diversion
C. It has both a proximal and distal limb visible at the abdominal surface, often with a supporting rod or
bridge
D. It protrudes 2 to 3 cm above the skin surface to facilitate pouching
Answer: C
Rationale: A loop stoma is created by bringing a loop of bowel through the abdominal wall and opening it, so both the
proximal (functioning) and distal (non-functioning) limbs are visible on the abdominal surface. A supporting rod or
bridge is typically placed beneath the loop temporarily to prevent retraction. An end stoma, by contrast, is created by
bringing the cut end of the bowel to the surface and suturing it to the skin; it does not have a distal limb at the stoma
site. Loop stomas are frequently used as temporary diversions. Protrusion height varies and is not a distinguishing
feature between loop and end stomas.
4. A WOC nurse is performing preoperative stoma site marking for a patient scheduled for a permanent
colostomy. In which location should the WOC nurse avoid placing the stoma mark?
A. Left lower quadrant within the rectus muscle, away from the umbilicus and belt line
B. Right lower quadrant at the level of the anterior superior iliac spine
C. Right upper quadrant at the midclavicular line below the costal margin
D. Left upper quadrant on a flat surface of the rectus muscle
Answer: B
Rationale: When marking a stoma site, the WOC nurse should avoid placing it near bony prominences such as the
anterior superior iliac spine, the umbilicus, scars, skin folds, and the patient's belt line, as these areas compromise
pouch adherence and patient comfort. The ideal site is on a flat surface of the abdomen within the rectus muscle,
typically in the left lower quadrant for a sigmoid colostomy, where the patient can see and reach the stoma. The midline
should be avoided due to poor pouch adherence on a concave surface.
5. Following creation of a new ileostomy, the WOC nurse assesses the stoma on postoperative day 1. Which
finding requires immediate notification of the surgeon?
A. The stoma mucosa is dark red to purple with bluish discoloration at the tips
B. The stoma appears edematous and is slightly larger than expected
C. A small amount of serosanguineous drainage is present on the peristomal skin
D. The stoma is flush with the skin surface with mild bruising of the surrounding dermis
Answer: A
Rationale: Dark red to purple discoloration with bluish or blackish hue at the stoma tips is a sign of compromised
venous return or arterial blood supply, which may indicate ischemia or necrosis. This is a surgical emergency requiring
immediate notification because stoma necrosis can lead to perforation, peritonitis, and sepsis. Mild edema is expected in
the immediate postoperative period due to surgical manipulation. Serosanguineous drainage on the peristomal skin is
normal in the first 24 to 48 hours. A flush stoma with mild surrounding bruising, while suboptimal for pouching, does
not constitute an acute emergency.
6. A patient with a urostomy (ileal conduit) asks the WOC nurse about expected urinary output volume.
What is the normal 24-hour output range for a patient with a well-functioning ileal conduit?
A. 500 to 800 mL per 24 hours with a specific gravity of 1.030 or higher
2
, WOC Ostomy Care Web Final Exam 2026–2027 | 270 Questions & Correct Answers
B. 1,000 to 1,500 mL per 24 hours with mucus strands visible in the urine
C. 100 to 300 mL per 24 hours with concentrated amber-colored urine
D. 2,000 to 3,000 mL per 24 hours with a pH consistently above 7.0
Answer: B
Rationale: A patient with an ileal conduit should produce urine output comparable to normal renal function,
approximately 1,000 to 1,500 mL per 24 hours. Because the conduit is constructed from a segment of ileum, which
continues to secrete mucus, mucus strands or flecks in the urine are an expected finding. Output below 1,000 mL
should raise concern for dehydration or urinary tract obstruction, while output above 2,000 mL may indicate excessive
fluid intake or a complication. A specific gravity of 1.030 or higher would suggest dehydration. Consistently alkaline
urine increases the risk of calcium phosphate crystal formation.
7. A WOC nurse is providing dietary teaching to a patient with a newly created ileostomy. Which
instruction is most appropriate to include during the initial postoperative recovery period (first 2 to 4
weeks)?
A. Eat a low-fiber diet, chew food thoroughly, and introduce new foods one at a time
B. Avoid all fruits and vegetables to prevent obstruction
C. Consume a high-fiber diet immediately to promote formed stool output
D. Restrict all protein intake to minimize odor from the effluent
Answer: A
Rationale: During the initial postoperative period after ileostomy creation, patients should follow a low-fiber diet to
reduce the risk of food bolus obstruction, as the stoma has no sphincter to regulate the passage of fibrous material.
Chewing food thoroughly is essential because digestion begins with mastication. Introducing new foods one at a time
allows the patient to identify any foods that cause excessive gas, odor, or loose output. Completely avoiding all fruits
and vegetables is unnecessary and nutritionally unsound. A high-fiber diet should be reintroduced gradually after the
initial healing period. Protein restriction is inappropriate and could impair wound healing.
8. Which statement accurately describes the effluent characteristics of a cecostomy compared with an
ascending colostomy?
A. Cecostomy effluent is liquid and greenish, while ascending colostomy effluent is semi-formed
B. Cecostomy effluent is formed and brown, while ascending colostomy effluent is liquid
C. Both produce identical effluent because of their proximity in the GI tract
D. Cecostomy effluent is thicker and more odorous than ascending colostomy effluent
Answer: D
Rationale: A cecostomy and an ascending colostomy are both located in the right colon, where fecal content is still
liquid. However, the cecostomy effluent tends to be thicker and more odorous because it is closer to the ileocecal valve
where bacterial colonization begins to intensify. The ascending colostomy effluent is also liquid but slightly less
concentrated. Neither produces formed stool, as significant water absorption occurs in the transverse and descending
colon. While both produce liquid output, they are not identical in consistency or odor profile due to progressive
bacterial activity.
9. A patient with a transverse loop colostomy reports frequent leakage of effluent under the pouching
system. Upon assessment, the WOC nurse notes that the stoma is located in a deep periumbilical hollow.
Which intervention is most appropriate?
A. Apply a convex pouching system with a belt to improve the fit into the abdominal contour
B. Switch to a drainable pouch with a larger capacity to accommodate the increased output volume
C. Recommend colostomy irrigation to reduce the frequency and volume of effluent
D. Remove the pouching system daily and allow the peristomal skin to air dry
Answer: A
3
, WOC Ostomy Care Web Final Exam 2026–2027 | 270 Questions & Correct Answers
Rationale: A stoma located in a deep hollow or crease is a common challenge for pouch adherence. A convex pouching
system applies gentle inward pressure to the peristomal skin, helping to level the surface and create a better seal around
a retracted or flush stoma in a concave area. Adding a belt can provide additional security. A larger-capacity pouch
does not address the root cause of leakage, which is an inadequate seal. Colostomy irrigation is contraindicated for a
transverse loop colostomy because the effluent is liquid and the stoma is typically temporary. Removing the pouch daily
increases the risk of skin damage from effluent exposure.
10. A patient who underwent creation of an end colostomy 3 days ago reports that the stoma output has
suddenly decreased significantly and they are experiencing abdominal distension and cramping. What is
the most likely cause?
A. Normal stoma maturation process as edema resolves
B. Expected dietary adjustment as the GI tract regains function
C. Early small bowel obstruction proximal to the stoma
D. Stoma necrosis requiring immediate surgical revision
Answer: C
Rationale: A sudden decrease in stoma output accompanied by abdominal distension and cramping in the early
postoperative period is a classic presentation of bowel obstruction, which may be caused by adhesions, internal hernia,
or kinking of the proximal bowel. This requires prompt evaluation, potentially including abdominal X-ray or CT scan,
and may necessitate nasogastric decompression or surgical intervention. Stoma maturation and edema resolution occur
gradually and do not cause acute symptoms of obstruction. While dietary adjustments affect output volume, they do not
typically cause distension and cramping. Stoma necrosis would present with color changes rather than decreased output
as the primary symptom.
11. A WOC nurse is assessing a patient 6 weeks after creation of a colostomy. The stoma is pink, moist, and
protruding approximately 1.5 cm above the skin surface. Which statement best describes the expected
stoma maturation process at this stage?
A. The stoma will gradually shrink over the next 2 to 6 weeks and then stabilize at its permanent size
B. The stoma will continue to enlarge and should reach its final size by approximately 6 months postoperatively
C. The stoma has reached its mature size and no further changes are expected
D. Stoma maturation is complete at 6 weeks, but the color will continue to change from pink to brown
Answer: A
Rationale: Stoma maturation is a dynamic process. Following creation, postoperative edema causes the stoma to appear
larger. Over the first 6 to 8 weeks, the edema gradually resolves and the stoma shrinks to its permanent mature size,
which is typically 10% to 25% smaller than its initial postoperative appearance. At 6 weeks, some further shrinkage may
still occur. The stoma does not continue to enlarge, and its color should remain pink to red as long as it is well-
vascularized. The WOC nurse should continue to monitor stoma size, as pouching system sizing may need adjustment.
12. A patient with a Kock pouch (continent ileostomy) asks the WOC nurse how the pouch differs from a
conventional ileostomy. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A. The Kock pouch eliminates the need for an external appliance because stool is evacuated through the anus
B. The Kock pouch is a urinary diversion that stores urine in an internal reservoir
C. The Kock pouch requires irrigation through a stoma to manage effluent output
D. The Kock pouch has a nipple valve mechanism that allows catheter drainage, eliminating the need for a
continuously worn external pouch
Answer: D
Rationale: The Kock pouch (continent ileostomy) is an intra-abdominal reservoir constructed from small intestine with
a surgically created intussuscepted nipple valve at the stoma. This valve prevents involuntary leakage of effluent,
allowing the patient to drain the pouch periodically by inserting a catheter through the small, flat stoma. This
eliminates the need for a continuously worn external ostomy appliance. It is distinct from an ileal pouch-anal
4
WOUND, OSTOMY, AND CONTINENCE (WOC) NURSING
OSTOMY CARE WEB FINAL EXAM
2026–2027
270 Questions and Correct Answers | Graded A+ | 100% Verified
Key Domains: Ostomy Care, Stoma Assessment and Management, Pouching Systems,
Peristomal Skin Care, Wound Healing, Continence Management,
Patient Education, and Complication Prevention
INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is followed by four options (A–D). The correct answer is highlighted in
bold cyan along with a concise rationale explaining clinical reasoning, evidence-based
practice, and why alternative options are less appropriate.
DOMAIN 1: Ostomy Care
Questions 1–34
1. A WOC nurse is educating a patient with a newly created end sigmoid colostomy about expected effluent
characteristics. Which description best reflects the typical output of a mature sigmoid colostomy?
A. Formed to semi-formed, brown, and similar to normal stool
B. Liquid, greenish-yellow, and continuous with enzymatic activity
C. Thin, watery, clear to pale yellow, and contains mucus shreds
D. Paste-like, golden-yellow, and highly odorous with particles of undigested food
Answer: A
Rationale: A sigmoid colostomy is located in the descending colon, where the majority of water absorption has already
occurred. The effluent from a mature sigmoid colostomy is typically formed to semi-formed and brown, closely
resembling normal rectal stool. Liquid, greenish-yellow effluent is characteristic of an ileostomy. Thin, watery, clear
output describes urostomy effluent. Paste-like, golden-yellow stool with visible undigested food is typical of a proximal
ileostomy or jejunostomy.
2. A patient with ulcerative colitis is being evaluated for surgical intervention. The surgeon plans to
perform a total proctocolectomy with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) and a temporary loop
ileostomy. What is the primary purpose of the temporary loop ileostomy in this scenario?
A. To provide permanent diversion because the patient is not a candidate for reconnection
B. To reduce the risk of small bowel obstruction from adhesions
C. To allow for ongoing surveillance of the rectal stump for dysplasia
D. To protect the newly constructed ileal pouch and anastomosis while it heals
Answer: D
Rationale: In an IPAA procedure, a temporary loop ileostomy is created to divert fecal flow away from the newly
constructed ileal pouch and the ileoanal anastomosis during the critical healing period, typically for 8 to 12 weeks. This
1
, WOC Ostomy Care Web Final Exam 2026–2027 | 270 Questions & Correct Answers
protects the anastomosis from the pressure and enzymatic activity of ileal effluent, reducing the risk of anastomotic leak
and pouch complications. It is not permanent; the stoma is closed after healing is confirmed. Surveillance for dysplasia
is less relevant once the colon and rectum are removed. The loop ileostomy does not prevent adhesion-related
obstruction.
3. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a loop stoma compared with an end stoma?
A. It requires a separate incision for placement rather than using the primary surgical incision
B. It is typically created as a permanent intestinal diversion
C. It has both a proximal and distal limb visible at the abdominal surface, often with a supporting rod or
bridge
D. It protrudes 2 to 3 cm above the skin surface to facilitate pouching
Answer: C
Rationale: A loop stoma is created by bringing a loop of bowel through the abdominal wall and opening it, so both the
proximal (functioning) and distal (non-functioning) limbs are visible on the abdominal surface. A supporting rod or
bridge is typically placed beneath the loop temporarily to prevent retraction. An end stoma, by contrast, is created by
bringing the cut end of the bowel to the surface and suturing it to the skin; it does not have a distal limb at the stoma
site. Loop stomas are frequently used as temporary diversions. Protrusion height varies and is not a distinguishing
feature between loop and end stomas.
4. A WOC nurse is performing preoperative stoma site marking for a patient scheduled for a permanent
colostomy. In which location should the WOC nurse avoid placing the stoma mark?
A. Left lower quadrant within the rectus muscle, away from the umbilicus and belt line
B. Right lower quadrant at the level of the anterior superior iliac spine
C. Right upper quadrant at the midclavicular line below the costal margin
D. Left upper quadrant on a flat surface of the rectus muscle
Answer: B
Rationale: When marking a stoma site, the WOC nurse should avoid placing it near bony prominences such as the
anterior superior iliac spine, the umbilicus, scars, skin folds, and the patient's belt line, as these areas compromise
pouch adherence and patient comfort. The ideal site is on a flat surface of the abdomen within the rectus muscle,
typically in the left lower quadrant for a sigmoid colostomy, where the patient can see and reach the stoma. The midline
should be avoided due to poor pouch adherence on a concave surface.
5. Following creation of a new ileostomy, the WOC nurse assesses the stoma on postoperative day 1. Which
finding requires immediate notification of the surgeon?
A. The stoma mucosa is dark red to purple with bluish discoloration at the tips
B. The stoma appears edematous and is slightly larger than expected
C. A small amount of serosanguineous drainage is present on the peristomal skin
D. The stoma is flush with the skin surface with mild bruising of the surrounding dermis
Answer: A
Rationale: Dark red to purple discoloration with bluish or blackish hue at the stoma tips is a sign of compromised
venous return or arterial blood supply, which may indicate ischemia or necrosis. This is a surgical emergency requiring
immediate notification because stoma necrosis can lead to perforation, peritonitis, and sepsis. Mild edema is expected in
the immediate postoperative period due to surgical manipulation. Serosanguineous drainage on the peristomal skin is
normal in the first 24 to 48 hours. A flush stoma with mild surrounding bruising, while suboptimal for pouching, does
not constitute an acute emergency.
6. A patient with a urostomy (ileal conduit) asks the WOC nurse about expected urinary output volume.
What is the normal 24-hour output range for a patient with a well-functioning ileal conduit?
A. 500 to 800 mL per 24 hours with a specific gravity of 1.030 or higher
2
, WOC Ostomy Care Web Final Exam 2026–2027 | 270 Questions & Correct Answers
B. 1,000 to 1,500 mL per 24 hours with mucus strands visible in the urine
C. 100 to 300 mL per 24 hours with concentrated amber-colored urine
D. 2,000 to 3,000 mL per 24 hours with a pH consistently above 7.0
Answer: B
Rationale: A patient with an ileal conduit should produce urine output comparable to normal renal function,
approximately 1,000 to 1,500 mL per 24 hours. Because the conduit is constructed from a segment of ileum, which
continues to secrete mucus, mucus strands or flecks in the urine are an expected finding. Output below 1,000 mL
should raise concern for dehydration or urinary tract obstruction, while output above 2,000 mL may indicate excessive
fluid intake or a complication. A specific gravity of 1.030 or higher would suggest dehydration. Consistently alkaline
urine increases the risk of calcium phosphate crystal formation.
7. A WOC nurse is providing dietary teaching to a patient with a newly created ileostomy. Which
instruction is most appropriate to include during the initial postoperative recovery period (first 2 to 4
weeks)?
A. Eat a low-fiber diet, chew food thoroughly, and introduce new foods one at a time
B. Avoid all fruits and vegetables to prevent obstruction
C. Consume a high-fiber diet immediately to promote formed stool output
D. Restrict all protein intake to minimize odor from the effluent
Answer: A
Rationale: During the initial postoperative period after ileostomy creation, patients should follow a low-fiber diet to
reduce the risk of food bolus obstruction, as the stoma has no sphincter to regulate the passage of fibrous material.
Chewing food thoroughly is essential because digestion begins with mastication. Introducing new foods one at a time
allows the patient to identify any foods that cause excessive gas, odor, or loose output. Completely avoiding all fruits
and vegetables is unnecessary and nutritionally unsound. A high-fiber diet should be reintroduced gradually after the
initial healing period. Protein restriction is inappropriate and could impair wound healing.
8. Which statement accurately describes the effluent characteristics of a cecostomy compared with an
ascending colostomy?
A. Cecostomy effluent is liquid and greenish, while ascending colostomy effluent is semi-formed
B. Cecostomy effluent is formed and brown, while ascending colostomy effluent is liquid
C. Both produce identical effluent because of their proximity in the GI tract
D. Cecostomy effluent is thicker and more odorous than ascending colostomy effluent
Answer: D
Rationale: A cecostomy and an ascending colostomy are both located in the right colon, where fecal content is still
liquid. However, the cecostomy effluent tends to be thicker and more odorous because it is closer to the ileocecal valve
where bacterial colonization begins to intensify. The ascending colostomy effluent is also liquid but slightly less
concentrated. Neither produces formed stool, as significant water absorption occurs in the transverse and descending
colon. While both produce liquid output, they are not identical in consistency or odor profile due to progressive
bacterial activity.
9. A patient with a transverse loop colostomy reports frequent leakage of effluent under the pouching
system. Upon assessment, the WOC nurse notes that the stoma is located in a deep periumbilical hollow.
Which intervention is most appropriate?
A. Apply a convex pouching system with a belt to improve the fit into the abdominal contour
B. Switch to a drainable pouch with a larger capacity to accommodate the increased output volume
C. Recommend colostomy irrigation to reduce the frequency and volume of effluent
D. Remove the pouching system daily and allow the peristomal skin to air dry
Answer: A
3
, WOC Ostomy Care Web Final Exam 2026–2027 | 270 Questions & Correct Answers
Rationale: A stoma located in a deep hollow or crease is a common challenge for pouch adherence. A convex pouching
system applies gentle inward pressure to the peristomal skin, helping to level the surface and create a better seal around
a retracted or flush stoma in a concave area. Adding a belt can provide additional security. A larger-capacity pouch
does not address the root cause of leakage, which is an inadequate seal. Colostomy irrigation is contraindicated for a
transverse loop colostomy because the effluent is liquid and the stoma is typically temporary. Removing the pouch daily
increases the risk of skin damage from effluent exposure.
10. A patient who underwent creation of an end colostomy 3 days ago reports that the stoma output has
suddenly decreased significantly and they are experiencing abdominal distension and cramping. What is
the most likely cause?
A. Normal stoma maturation process as edema resolves
B. Expected dietary adjustment as the GI tract regains function
C. Early small bowel obstruction proximal to the stoma
D. Stoma necrosis requiring immediate surgical revision
Answer: C
Rationale: A sudden decrease in stoma output accompanied by abdominal distension and cramping in the early
postoperative period is a classic presentation of bowel obstruction, which may be caused by adhesions, internal hernia,
or kinking of the proximal bowel. This requires prompt evaluation, potentially including abdominal X-ray or CT scan,
and may necessitate nasogastric decompression or surgical intervention. Stoma maturation and edema resolution occur
gradually and do not cause acute symptoms of obstruction. While dietary adjustments affect output volume, they do not
typically cause distension and cramping. Stoma necrosis would present with color changes rather than decreased output
as the primary symptom.
11. A WOC nurse is assessing a patient 6 weeks after creation of a colostomy. The stoma is pink, moist, and
protruding approximately 1.5 cm above the skin surface. Which statement best describes the expected
stoma maturation process at this stage?
A. The stoma will gradually shrink over the next 2 to 6 weeks and then stabilize at its permanent size
B. The stoma will continue to enlarge and should reach its final size by approximately 6 months postoperatively
C. The stoma has reached its mature size and no further changes are expected
D. Stoma maturation is complete at 6 weeks, but the color will continue to change from pink to brown
Answer: A
Rationale: Stoma maturation is a dynamic process. Following creation, postoperative edema causes the stoma to appear
larger. Over the first 6 to 8 weeks, the edema gradually resolves and the stoma shrinks to its permanent mature size,
which is typically 10% to 25% smaller than its initial postoperative appearance. At 6 weeks, some further shrinkage may
still occur. The stoma does not continue to enlarge, and its color should remain pink to red as long as it is well-
vascularized. The WOC nurse should continue to monitor stoma size, as pouching system sizing may need adjustment.
12. A patient with a Kock pouch (continent ileostomy) asks the WOC nurse how the pouch differs from a
conventional ileostomy. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A. The Kock pouch eliminates the need for an external appliance because stool is evacuated through the anus
B. The Kock pouch is a urinary diversion that stores urine in an internal reservoir
C. The Kock pouch requires irrigation through a stoma to manage effluent output
D. The Kock pouch has a nipple valve mechanism that allows catheter drainage, eliminating the need for a
continuously worn external pouch
Answer: D
Rationale: The Kock pouch (continent ileostomy) is an intra-abdominal reservoir constructed from small intestine with
a surgically created intussuscepted nipple valve at the stoma. This valve prevents involuntary leakage of effluent,
allowing the patient to drain the pouch periodically by inserting a catheter through the small, flat stoma. This
eliminates the need for a continuously worn external ostomy appliance. It is distinct from an ileal pouch-anal
4
