MARYVILLE NURS 615 ALL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔There are two types of beta-blockers; - ✔✔there are non-selective agents, adn
selective agents
✔✔Nonselctive agents - ✔✔bined to both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, those include
propranolol and carvedilol, although carvedilol has additional alpha blocking activity
which can cause vasodilation of the peripheral vasculature, and labetalol as well.
✔✔Beta 1 selective agents, also known as cardio selective, they have - ✔✔ionotropic
effects as well as reducing with muscle tone these include atenolol, esmolol, and
metoprolol.
✔✔beta blocker treatments: - ✔✔: tx of cardiac D/Os, HF, anxiety, migraine, tachy r/y
hyperthyroidism. Work by latching on the BB rec. site and prevent those sites from the
catecholamines being able to latch onto those sites
✔✔Beta-adrenergic blockers, the most widely used adrenergic blockers, work by: -
✔✔preventing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system by inhibiting the action of
catecholamines at beta-adrenergic receptors.
✔✔Pharmacokinetics of Beta-adrenergic blockers - ✔✔they are usually absorbed
rapidly and well from the GI tract and are somewhat protein-bound. Food doesn't
inhibit—and may even enhance—their absorption. Some betaadrenergic blockers are
absorbed more completely than others. Beta-adrenergic blockers have widespread
effects in the body because they produce their blocking action not only at adrenergic
nerve endings but also in the adrenal medulla.
✔✔What are the adverse effects of beta-blockers? (16) - ✔✔hypotension, bradycardia,
peripheral vascular insufficiency, atrioventricular block, heart failure, fatigue,
bronchospasm, diarrhea or constipation, nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort,
, anorexia, flatulence, rash, fever with sore throat, spasm of the lower neck, respiratory
distress as an allergic response.
✔✔Adverse effects associated with beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonists' activity will
include - ✔✔bronchospasm, peripheral vasoconstriction, alteration of glucose and lipid
metabolism, specifically hyperlipidemia, impaired insulin release. These are less
common with the beta 1 selective or cardio selective agents but receptor selectivity
diminishes at higher doses.
✔✔Beta blockade especially the beta 1 receptor at the macula densa inhibits - ✔✔renin
release thus decreasing the release of aldosterone this cause hyponatremia and
hyperkalemia.
✔✔Beta 1 selected blockers can increase - ✔✔plasma lipid levels and glucose levels
and diabetics they may also interfere with oral hypoglycemics.
✔✔In general, beta blockers should be avoided in - ✔✔diabetics.
✔✔Beta blockers are also contraindicated in patients with - ✔✔asthma
✔✔Beta-blockers should be avoided in patients with a history of - ✔✔cocaine use or
cocaine induced tachycardia.
✔✔adverse drug reactions associated with use of beta-blockers include (22) -
✔✔nausea, diarrhea, bronchospasm, dyspnea, cold extremities, exacerbation of
Raynaud's, syndrome, bradycardia, hypotension, heart failure, heart block, fatigue,
dizziness, alopecia, abnormal vision, hallucinations, insomnia, nightmares, sexual
dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, and or alteration of glucose and lipid metabolism
✔✔What effect will result with rapid withdrawal of a beta-blocker? - ✔✔You can see a
coronary artery spasm that will result in MI, this is most often seen in patients with
coronary artery disease. Don't stop, must wean, may have W/D and rebound, could
have W/D and coronary artery spasm resulting in MI.
✔✔What patient teaching should be provided when prescribing clonidine or any
centrally acting adrenergic blocker? - ✔✔DO NOT MISS ANY DOSES, high rick of
stroke due to HTN if stopped abruptly.
✔✔What patient teaching should be provided when prescribing clonidine or any
centrally acting adrenergic blocker? - ✔✔Clonidine treats high blood pressure by
stimulating alpha 2 receptors in the brain, which decrease peripheral vascular
resistance lowering blood pressure. The risk of rebound hypertension is increased in
alpha agonist, so it's important that you do not miss any doses. Usually used when
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔There are two types of beta-blockers; - ✔✔there are non-selective agents, adn
selective agents
✔✔Nonselctive agents - ✔✔bined to both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, those include
propranolol and carvedilol, although carvedilol has additional alpha blocking activity
which can cause vasodilation of the peripheral vasculature, and labetalol as well.
✔✔Beta 1 selective agents, also known as cardio selective, they have - ✔✔ionotropic
effects as well as reducing with muscle tone these include atenolol, esmolol, and
metoprolol.
✔✔beta blocker treatments: - ✔✔: tx of cardiac D/Os, HF, anxiety, migraine, tachy r/y
hyperthyroidism. Work by latching on the BB rec. site and prevent those sites from the
catecholamines being able to latch onto those sites
✔✔Beta-adrenergic blockers, the most widely used adrenergic blockers, work by: -
✔✔preventing stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system by inhibiting the action of
catecholamines at beta-adrenergic receptors.
✔✔Pharmacokinetics of Beta-adrenergic blockers - ✔✔they are usually absorbed
rapidly and well from the GI tract and are somewhat protein-bound. Food doesn't
inhibit—and may even enhance—their absorption. Some betaadrenergic blockers are
absorbed more completely than others. Beta-adrenergic blockers have widespread
effects in the body because they produce their blocking action not only at adrenergic
nerve endings but also in the adrenal medulla.
✔✔What are the adverse effects of beta-blockers? (16) - ✔✔hypotension, bradycardia,
peripheral vascular insufficiency, atrioventricular block, heart failure, fatigue,
bronchospasm, diarrhea or constipation, nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort,
, anorexia, flatulence, rash, fever with sore throat, spasm of the lower neck, respiratory
distress as an allergic response.
✔✔Adverse effects associated with beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonists' activity will
include - ✔✔bronchospasm, peripheral vasoconstriction, alteration of glucose and lipid
metabolism, specifically hyperlipidemia, impaired insulin release. These are less
common with the beta 1 selective or cardio selective agents but receptor selectivity
diminishes at higher doses.
✔✔Beta blockade especially the beta 1 receptor at the macula densa inhibits - ✔✔renin
release thus decreasing the release of aldosterone this cause hyponatremia and
hyperkalemia.
✔✔Beta 1 selected blockers can increase - ✔✔plasma lipid levels and glucose levels
and diabetics they may also interfere with oral hypoglycemics.
✔✔In general, beta blockers should be avoided in - ✔✔diabetics.
✔✔Beta blockers are also contraindicated in patients with - ✔✔asthma
✔✔Beta-blockers should be avoided in patients with a history of - ✔✔cocaine use or
cocaine induced tachycardia.
✔✔adverse drug reactions associated with use of beta-blockers include (22) -
✔✔nausea, diarrhea, bronchospasm, dyspnea, cold extremities, exacerbation of
Raynaud's, syndrome, bradycardia, hypotension, heart failure, heart block, fatigue,
dizziness, alopecia, abnormal vision, hallucinations, insomnia, nightmares, sexual
dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, and or alteration of glucose and lipid metabolism
✔✔What effect will result with rapid withdrawal of a beta-blocker? - ✔✔You can see a
coronary artery spasm that will result in MI, this is most often seen in patients with
coronary artery disease. Don't stop, must wean, may have W/D and rebound, could
have W/D and coronary artery spasm resulting in MI.
✔✔What patient teaching should be provided when prescribing clonidine or any
centrally acting adrenergic blocker? - ✔✔DO NOT MISS ANY DOSES, high rick of
stroke due to HTN if stopped abruptly.
✔✔What patient teaching should be provided when prescribing clonidine or any
centrally acting adrenergic blocker? - ✔✔Clonidine treats high blood pressure by
stimulating alpha 2 receptors in the brain, which decrease peripheral vascular
resistance lowering blood pressure. The risk of rebound hypertension is increased in
alpha agonist, so it's important that you do not miss any doses. Usually used when
