BIOD 102 Module 2 Exam –
Portage
Learning – 2026/2027 Academic Year
– Study Questions and Answers for
Nursing and Pre-Allied Health
Students
Plant Evolution and Structure
1. Which group of green algae is the closest relative to land plants?
A) Chlorophytes
B) Charophytes
C) Rhodophytes
D) Phaeophytes
Rationale: Charophytes share unique structural and biochemical traits with land plants,
such as cellulose-synthesizing proteins and similar cell division mechanisms. This makes
them the sister group to all land plants .
2. In the "Alternation of Generations," the haploid multicellular stage is the:
A) Sporophyte
B) Gametophyte
C) Zygote
D) Spore
Rationale: The gametophyte (n) is the haploid stage that produces gametes via mitosis.
The sporophyte (2n) produces spores via meiosis .
3. Which of the following is a "Non-vascular" plant (Bryophyte)?
A) Fern
B) Moss
, C) Pine Tree
D) Rose
Rationale: Mosses lack specialized vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) and true roots.
They are bryophytes that rely on diffusion for water and nutrient transport .
4. What is the primary function of "Xylem"?
A) Transporting sugar
B) Transporting water and minerals upward
C) Photosynthesis
D) Seed protection
Rationale: Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to shoots. Its
vessels are reinforced with lignin for structural support .
5. Which plant group was the first to develop "True Roots" and "Leaves"?
A) Bryophytes
B) Seedless Vascular Plants (Ferns)
C) Gymnosperms
D) Angiosperms
Rationale: Ferns and other seedless vascular plants evolved vascular tissue, allowing for
the development of complex organ structures like true roots and leaves .
6. In Bryophytes, which generation is "Dominant"?
A) Sporophyte
B) Gametophyte
C) Both are equal
D) Neither
Rationale: In mosses, the green, leafy plant is the haploid gametophyte, which is the
dominant, photosynthetic stage. The sporophyte grows out of and depends on the
gametophyte .
7. "Stomata" are essential for land plants because they:
A) Absorb soil water
B) Allow gas exchange and control water loss
C) Produce pollen
D) Anchor the plant
, Rationale: Stomata are regulated pores on leaf surfaces that allow CO₂ to diffuse in for
photosynthesis while minimizing water loss through transpiration .
8. Which of the following is an example of a "Gymnosperm"?
A) Oak Tree
B) Pine Tree (Conifer)
C) Fern
D) Moss
Rationale: Gymnosperms have "naked seeds" not enclosed in an ovary/fruit. Conifers
like pine trees are the most diverse group of gymnosperms .
9. "Angiosperms" are distinguished by the presence of:
A) Seeds
B) Vascular tissue
C) Flowers and Fruits
D) Flagellated sperm
Rationale: Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce flowers for pollination and
fruits for seed dispersal. They dominate modern terrestrial ecosystems, comprising
about 90% of all plant species .
10. What is the role of "Phloem"?
A) Moving water
B) Transporting organic nutrients (sugars)
C) Anchoring the plant
D) Absorbing minerals
Rationale: Phloem transports carbohydrates (sugars) from sources (where
produced/stored) to sinks (where used), supporting growth and development
throughout the plant .
11. The "Waxy Cuticle" functions to:
A) Attract insects
B) Prevent excessive water loss
C) Absorb CO₂
D) Fix nitrogen
Portage
Learning – 2026/2027 Academic Year
– Study Questions and Answers for
Nursing and Pre-Allied Health
Students
Plant Evolution and Structure
1. Which group of green algae is the closest relative to land plants?
A) Chlorophytes
B) Charophytes
C) Rhodophytes
D) Phaeophytes
Rationale: Charophytes share unique structural and biochemical traits with land plants,
such as cellulose-synthesizing proteins and similar cell division mechanisms. This makes
them the sister group to all land plants .
2. In the "Alternation of Generations," the haploid multicellular stage is the:
A) Sporophyte
B) Gametophyte
C) Zygote
D) Spore
Rationale: The gametophyte (n) is the haploid stage that produces gametes via mitosis.
The sporophyte (2n) produces spores via meiosis .
3. Which of the following is a "Non-vascular" plant (Bryophyte)?
A) Fern
B) Moss
, C) Pine Tree
D) Rose
Rationale: Mosses lack specialized vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) and true roots.
They are bryophytes that rely on diffusion for water and nutrient transport .
4. What is the primary function of "Xylem"?
A) Transporting sugar
B) Transporting water and minerals upward
C) Photosynthesis
D) Seed protection
Rationale: Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to shoots. Its
vessels are reinforced with lignin for structural support .
5. Which plant group was the first to develop "True Roots" and "Leaves"?
A) Bryophytes
B) Seedless Vascular Plants (Ferns)
C) Gymnosperms
D) Angiosperms
Rationale: Ferns and other seedless vascular plants evolved vascular tissue, allowing for
the development of complex organ structures like true roots and leaves .
6. In Bryophytes, which generation is "Dominant"?
A) Sporophyte
B) Gametophyte
C) Both are equal
D) Neither
Rationale: In mosses, the green, leafy plant is the haploid gametophyte, which is the
dominant, photosynthetic stage. The sporophyte grows out of and depends on the
gametophyte .
7. "Stomata" are essential for land plants because they:
A) Absorb soil water
B) Allow gas exchange and control water loss
C) Produce pollen
D) Anchor the plant
, Rationale: Stomata are regulated pores on leaf surfaces that allow CO₂ to diffuse in for
photosynthesis while minimizing water loss through transpiration .
8. Which of the following is an example of a "Gymnosperm"?
A) Oak Tree
B) Pine Tree (Conifer)
C) Fern
D) Moss
Rationale: Gymnosperms have "naked seeds" not enclosed in an ovary/fruit. Conifers
like pine trees are the most diverse group of gymnosperms .
9. "Angiosperms" are distinguished by the presence of:
A) Seeds
B) Vascular tissue
C) Flowers and Fruits
D) Flagellated sperm
Rationale: Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce flowers for pollination and
fruits for seed dispersal. They dominate modern terrestrial ecosystems, comprising
about 90% of all plant species .
10. What is the role of "Phloem"?
A) Moving water
B) Transporting organic nutrients (sugars)
C) Anchoring the plant
D) Absorbing minerals
Rationale: Phloem transports carbohydrates (sugars) from sources (where
produced/stored) to sinks (where used), supporting growth and development
throughout the plant .
11. The "Waxy Cuticle" functions to:
A) Attract insects
B) Prevent excessive water loss
C) Absorb CO₂
D) Fix nitrogen
