KAPLAN AND SADOCK’S SYNOPSIS OF PSYCHIATRY 12TH EDITION LATEST UPDATED TEST BANK, COMPLETE WITH ALL CHAPTERS.pdf

KAPLAN AND SADOCK’S
SYNOPSIS OF PSYCHIATRY
12TH EDITION LATEST
UPDATED TEST BANK,
COMPLETE WITH ALL
CHAPTERS

, Chapter 1: Neural Sciences

PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (25 Questions)



1. The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the:

 A) Neuron
 B) Glial cell
 C) Synapse
 D) Neurotransmitter

Answer: A
Rationale: The neuron is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
It is responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information through
electrical and chemical signals. Glial cells (B) support and protect neurons but do not
transmit signals. The synapse (C) is the junction between neurons, and neurotransmitters
(D) are chemical messengers. The 12th Edition emphasizes the neuron as the foundation
of neural science.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 1.1




2. Which of the following is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central
nervous system?

 A) GABA
 B) Glutamate
 C) Dopamine
 D) Serotonin

Answer: B
Rationale: Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous
system, involved in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. GABA (A) is the primary
inhibitory neurotransmitter. Dopamine (C) and serotonin (D) are modulatory

, neurotransmitters. The 12th Edition covers neurotransmitter systems in detail.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 1.2




3. The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system is:

 A) Glutamate
 B) GABA
 C) Acetylcholine
 D) Norepinephrine

Answer: B
Rationale: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter
in the central nervous system. It reduces neuronal excitability and is the target of many
anxiolytic and sedative medications. Glutamate (A) is excitatory, acetylcholine (C) is
involved in neuromuscular transmission, and norepinephrine (D) is a monoamine
neurotransmitter.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 1.2




4. The dopaminergic pathways in the brain include all of the following EXCEPT:

 A) Mesolimbic pathway
 B) Mesocortical pathway
 C) Nigrostriatal pathway
 D) Tuberoinfundibular pathway
 E) Spinothalamic pathway

Answer: E
Rationale: The spinothalamic pathway is a sensory pathway that transmits pain and
temperature information, not a dopaminergic pathway. The mesolimbic (A),
mesocortical (B), nigrostriatal (C), and tuberoinfundibular (D) pathways are the four
major dopaminergic pathways in the brain. The 12th Edition covers these pathways in
the context of psychiatric disorders and psychopharmacology.

, Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 1.2




5. The primary neurotransmitter involved in the "fight or flight" response is:

 A) Acetylcholine
 B) Dopamine
 C) Norepinephrine
 D) Serotonin

Answer: C
Rationale: Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the sympathetic
"fight or flight" response, mediating arousal, alertness, and stress responses.
Acetylcholine (A) is involved in parasympathetic function and neuromuscular
transmission. Dopamine (B) is involved in reward and movement. Serotonin (D) is
involved in mood, sleep, and appetite regulation.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 1.2




6. The primary neurotransmitter involved in the parasympathetic nervous system
is:

 A) Norepinephrine
 B) Acetylcholine
 C) Dopamine
 D) Serotonin

Answer: B
Rationale: Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic
nervous system, mediating "rest and digest" functions. Norepinephrine (A) is the primary
neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system. Dopamine (C) and serotonin (D)
are modulatory neurotransmitters in the CNS.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 1.2