Power Engineering 2-A2 - Part 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Question: What is a Back weld? What is Backing?
Correct Answer: Back weld: A weld applied to the back side (root side) of a single groove weld AFTER
the main weld has been completed. Purpose of this weld is reinforcement and fills where the main weld did
not penetrate Backing: Applied to the back side of a single groove weld BEFORE the main weld is started.
Its purpose is to fill the root opening and prevent melt through
Question: What is the purpose of Surfacing welds?
Correct Answer: To increase the thickness of the of the surface for strengthening or anticipation of
corrosion purposes. *No joining of pieces*
Question: What is an Edge Weld?
Correct Answer: Used to join 2 pieces along their adjacent, exposed edges
Question: What is the purpose of the reference line on a Welding Symbol?
Correct Answer: Contains any tags, symbols, notations that describe the type, dimensions, location of the
weld.
Question: Purpose of the Arrow on a welding symbol?
Correct Answer: Joins the reference line to the joint at which the weld will be applied. - Stem should not
be horizontal
Question: Direction that the arrow points (up or down) in a welding symbol is irrelevant. True or False?
Correct Answer: True
Question: What is the purpose of the Tail in a welding symbol?
Correct Answer: Attached to the opposite end of the arrow and contains supplemental information that is
necessary for the welder to know; information that isn't included in the reference line is contained here
Question: The tail of a welding symbol is optional and may be left off. True or False?
Correct Answer: True
Question: The arrow side and the reference line are important pieces of information for what reason?
Correct Answer: These 2 things inform the welder which side of a joint the weld must be applied to
Question: Any information BELOW the reference line must be applied to the ARROW side of the joint.
True or False?
Correct Answer: This is true. Any information located ABOVE the reference line is applied to the OTHER
side of the joint. BELOW>ARROW ABOVE>ABOTHER>OTHER
Question: Weld symbol for Melt Through?
Correct Answer: Root weld that extends beyond the surface at the bottom of a groove weld - Solid black
half dome symbol - *always placed above the reference side because it always occurs on the OTHER side*
Question: Weld symbol for a Field Weld?
,Correct Answer: A black flag pointing away from the arrow indicates a weld that has to be performed in
its final location (not in a shop)
Question: Symbol for an 'All Around Weld'?
Correct Answer: A circle at the end of a reference line
Question: Weld symbol for Backing?
Correct Answer: Rectangular hollow box above the reference line which indicates a flat surfaced piece is
to be placed on the back side of a root weld. This piece normally remains in place
Question: Weld symbol for a Spacer?
Correct Answer: A rectangular box that straddles the reference line. - Spacers are used in between the
members of a groove weld (butt joints). It acts as backing and keeps the joint root open during welding
Question: Weld symbol for a Consumable Insert?
Correct Answer: SQUARE box placed on top of the reference line - Indicates a filler material should be
used to the weld joint to add strength
Question: 3 possible symbols for Weld Contour?
Correct Answer: Either a flat, convex or concave line is placed above the reference line. If the weld can't
be completed with the desired contour naturally then machining or grinding may be necessary
Question: Information that can be contained on the reference line for Groove Weld Symbols?
Correct Answer: In addition to the basic weld symbol, information like specific sizing and shaping of the
joint surfaces, depth of penetration, use of backing, thickness of melt-through, etc. may also be included.
Question: Welding symbols for fillet welds include what information?
Correct Answer: Location of the weld - Size of the weld - Surface finish required
Question: For lap (fillet) weld symbols, which side is the vertical ALWAYS on?
Correct Answer: Vertical side is always on the left; angled side is always on the right.
Question: "3 - 5" What would these numbers mean in a welding symbol?
Correct Answer: Staggered or in line welds where the individual welds are 3" long and the pitch distances
are 5" apart (centre to centre)
Question: Mechanical vibrations can be propagated only in solid objects. True or False?
Correct Answer: False, these sound waves can be detected in solids, liquids and gases.
Question: Sounds wave range that is audible to the regular human ear?
Correct Answer: 10 Hz - 20 000 Hz. Above 20 000 Hz is considered ultrasonic.
Question: What is the Ultrasonic Principle based on?
Correct Answer: Based on the fact that solid materials are good conductors of sound waves. - These sound
waves are reflected at interfaces within the object as well as internal flaws (material separations/inclusions)
Question: What is the basic for Ultrasonic Testing?
Correct Answer: Electrical pulses are transferred to mechanical vibrations and the conversion of returned
mechanical vibrations back into electrical energy Electrical Input>Mechanical Vibrations>Electrical Output
, Question: Transducer converts what types of energy in Ultrasonic testing?
Correct Answer: Electrical energy to Acoustic energy, and vice versa
Question: Quartz crystal in an example of a polarized material. What is meant by polarized material?
Correct Answer: Contains molecules that are positively and negatively charged. 2 electrodes are
connected to each polarity in Ultrasonic testing equipment
Question: What is Electrostriction?
Correct Answer: When an electric field is applied to a piece of polarized material (quartz crystal, Barium
titanate) the polarized molecules align themselves with the electric field producing induced DIPOLES
within the molecular/crystal structure - the alignment causes the material to change dimensions
Question: Piezoelectric effect? Inverse Piezoelectric effect?
Correct Answer: 1) Imposed mechanical force on a polarized material will induce a mechanical field
within that material 2) Electrical energy applied to a piece of polarized material will induce mechanical
force and create measurable stresses to that piece of material.
Question: Operating principle of a Ultrasonic Testing machine?
Correct Answer: High voltage energy is applied to a piece of piezoelectric material attached to the test
specimen. Ultrasonic waves transmit through the test specimen and rebound off a second piece of
piezoelectric material. The rebounded ultrasonics are measured
Question: The time interval between the transmitted and reflected pulse's in a Ultrasonic test is a measure
of distance to where the discontinuity is located. True or False?
Correct Answer: This is True. Furthermore, the intensity of the return pulse is a measure of the size of the
flaw.
Question: The higher the frequency of the transducer, the smaller the discontinuities can be discovered
with Ultrasonic testing. True or False?
Correct Answer: True
Question: Larger transducer produce more power output which permit the inspection of thicker specimens.
True or False?
Correct Answer: True.
Question: Single crystal transducer act as the sending and receiving unit. True or False?
Correct Answer: True
Question: What is a Paintbrush Transducer?
Correct Answer: Detects defects in specimens with a large surface area. If a defect is detected, a smaller
transducer is used to find the specific location and size. - Transducer is approx. 150 mm wide
Question: Orientation determines the angle at which transducer pulses strike the specimen. How would you
test longitudinally? How would you create a shear wave?
Correct Answer: To test longitudinally, the transducer is located flat on the specimen - To create a shear
wave, the pulse must enter the specimen at the desired angle by mounting the transducer on a plastic wedge
which is part of the probe
CORRECT Answers
Question: What is a Back weld? What is Backing?
Correct Answer: Back weld: A weld applied to the back side (root side) of a single groove weld AFTER
the main weld has been completed. Purpose of this weld is reinforcement and fills where the main weld did
not penetrate Backing: Applied to the back side of a single groove weld BEFORE the main weld is started.
Its purpose is to fill the root opening and prevent melt through
Question: What is the purpose of Surfacing welds?
Correct Answer: To increase the thickness of the of the surface for strengthening or anticipation of
corrosion purposes. *No joining of pieces*
Question: What is an Edge Weld?
Correct Answer: Used to join 2 pieces along their adjacent, exposed edges
Question: What is the purpose of the reference line on a Welding Symbol?
Correct Answer: Contains any tags, symbols, notations that describe the type, dimensions, location of the
weld.
Question: Purpose of the Arrow on a welding symbol?
Correct Answer: Joins the reference line to the joint at which the weld will be applied. - Stem should not
be horizontal
Question: Direction that the arrow points (up or down) in a welding symbol is irrelevant. True or False?
Correct Answer: True
Question: What is the purpose of the Tail in a welding symbol?
Correct Answer: Attached to the opposite end of the arrow and contains supplemental information that is
necessary for the welder to know; information that isn't included in the reference line is contained here
Question: The tail of a welding symbol is optional and may be left off. True or False?
Correct Answer: True
Question: The arrow side and the reference line are important pieces of information for what reason?
Correct Answer: These 2 things inform the welder which side of a joint the weld must be applied to
Question: Any information BELOW the reference line must be applied to the ARROW side of the joint.
True or False?
Correct Answer: This is true. Any information located ABOVE the reference line is applied to the OTHER
side of the joint. BELOW>ARROW ABOVE>ABOTHER>OTHER
Question: Weld symbol for Melt Through?
Correct Answer: Root weld that extends beyond the surface at the bottom of a groove weld - Solid black
half dome symbol - *always placed above the reference side because it always occurs on the OTHER side*
Question: Weld symbol for a Field Weld?
,Correct Answer: A black flag pointing away from the arrow indicates a weld that has to be performed in
its final location (not in a shop)
Question: Symbol for an 'All Around Weld'?
Correct Answer: A circle at the end of a reference line
Question: Weld symbol for Backing?
Correct Answer: Rectangular hollow box above the reference line which indicates a flat surfaced piece is
to be placed on the back side of a root weld. This piece normally remains in place
Question: Weld symbol for a Spacer?
Correct Answer: A rectangular box that straddles the reference line. - Spacers are used in between the
members of a groove weld (butt joints). It acts as backing and keeps the joint root open during welding
Question: Weld symbol for a Consumable Insert?
Correct Answer: SQUARE box placed on top of the reference line - Indicates a filler material should be
used to the weld joint to add strength
Question: 3 possible symbols for Weld Contour?
Correct Answer: Either a flat, convex or concave line is placed above the reference line. If the weld can't
be completed with the desired contour naturally then machining or grinding may be necessary
Question: Information that can be contained on the reference line for Groove Weld Symbols?
Correct Answer: In addition to the basic weld symbol, information like specific sizing and shaping of the
joint surfaces, depth of penetration, use of backing, thickness of melt-through, etc. may also be included.
Question: Welding symbols for fillet welds include what information?
Correct Answer: Location of the weld - Size of the weld - Surface finish required
Question: For lap (fillet) weld symbols, which side is the vertical ALWAYS on?
Correct Answer: Vertical side is always on the left; angled side is always on the right.
Question: "3 - 5" What would these numbers mean in a welding symbol?
Correct Answer: Staggered or in line welds where the individual welds are 3" long and the pitch distances
are 5" apart (centre to centre)
Question: Mechanical vibrations can be propagated only in solid objects. True or False?
Correct Answer: False, these sound waves can be detected in solids, liquids and gases.
Question: Sounds wave range that is audible to the regular human ear?
Correct Answer: 10 Hz - 20 000 Hz. Above 20 000 Hz is considered ultrasonic.
Question: What is the Ultrasonic Principle based on?
Correct Answer: Based on the fact that solid materials are good conductors of sound waves. - These sound
waves are reflected at interfaces within the object as well as internal flaws (material separations/inclusions)
Question: What is the basic for Ultrasonic Testing?
Correct Answer: Electrical pulses are transferred to mechanical vibrations and the conversion of returned
mechanical vibrations back into electrical energy Electrical Input>Mechanical Vibrations>Electrical Output
, Question: Transducer converts what types of energy in Ultrasonic testing?
Correct Answer: Electrical energy to Acoustic energy, and vice versa
Question: Quartz crystal in an example of a polarized material. What is meant by polarized material?
Correct Answer: Contains molecules that are positively and negatively charged. 2 electrodes are
connected to each polarity in Ultrasonic testing equipment
Question: What is Electrostriction?
Correct Answer: When an electric field is applied to a piece of polarized material (quartz crystal, Barium
titanate) the polarized molecules align themselves with the electric field producing induced DIPOLES
within the molecular/crystal structure - the alignment causes the material to change dimensions
Question: Piezoelectric effect? Inverse Piezoelectric effect?
Correct Answer: 1) Imposed mechanical force on a polarized material will induce a mechanical field
within that material 2) Electrical energy applied to a piece of polarized material will induce mechanical
force and create measurable stresses to that piece of material.
Question: Operating principle of a Ultrasonic Testing machine?
Correct Answer: High voltage energy is applied to a piece of piezoelectric material attached to the test
specimen. Ultrasonic waves transmit through the test specimen and rebound off a second piece of
piezoelectric material. The rebounded ultrasonics are measured
Question: The time interval between the transmitted and reflected pulse's in a Ultrasonic test is a measure
of distance to where the discontinuity is located. True or False?
Correct Answer: This is True. Furthermore, the intensity of the return pulse is a measure of the size of the
flaw.
Question: The higher the frequency of the transducer, the smaller the discontinuities can be discovered
with Ultrasonic testing. True or False?
Correct Answer: True
Question: Larger transducer produce more power output which permit the inspection of thicker specimens.
True or False?
Correct Answer: True.
Question: Single crystal transducer act as the sending and receiving unit. True or False?
Correct Answer: True
Question: What is a Paintbrush Transducer?
Correct Answer: Detects defects in specimens with a large surface area. If a defect is detected, a smaller
transducer is used to find the specific location and size. - Transducer is approx. 150 mm wide
Question: Orientation determines the angle at which transducer pulses strike the specimen. How would you
test longitudinally? How would you create a shear wave?
Correct Answer: To test longitudinally, the transducer is located flat on the specimen - To create a shear
wave, the pulse must enter the specimen at the desired angle by mounting the transducer on a plastic wedge
which is part of the probe
