PN 112 Comprehensive UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Question: Know the intramuscular (IM) injection sites ,what the maximum fluid volume is for each site,
and the landmarks for each site
Correct Answer: -Deltoid site-maximum amount 1 mL-acronym process -Ventrogluteal site- Preferred site
for adults-maximum amount 3 mL-Anterior Superior Iliac spine and the greater trochanter -Dorsogluteal
site-maximum amount 2 mL-Posterior Superior Iliac Spine and the greater trochanter; least preferred site
due to the proximity of the sciatic nerve -Vastus Lateralis site-preferred site for children--maximum amount
2 mL- anterior middle of thigh
Question: What is the Z tract method of injection and what is the purpose of using it?
Correct Answer: -Insert an intramuscular needle at a 90-degree angle using the Z-track method: Pull skin
to side. Keep the needle in place for about 10 seconds before taking it out. After you've removed the needle,
release your hold on the skin and tissue. -This disrupts the hole that the needle left in the tissues and
prevents the medication from leaking out of the muscle into the subcutaneous tissue.
Question: How can the nurse prevent medication errors?
Correct Answer: -ALWAYS follow the "six rights" and check the 3 "P"s before administering ANY
medication -Check dosage calculations with a coworker -Listen to the patient who questions a drug or
dosage and recheck the order, the drug, and the patient before proceeding -Concentrate on the task at hand
-Avoid distractions and interruptions -Do not substitute one medication for another without provider order
Question: What are the signs and symptoms of liver disease/hepatoxicity/impairment?
Correct Answer: -yellowing (jaundice) of the skin, the whites of the eyes, and the roof of the mouth -pain
over the liver on the right side just below the ribs -darkened urine -pale gray-colored stools. The bile and
bilirubin made by the liver usually leave the body in the stool, giving it a medium to dark brown color.
When the liver is not working well, these products do not reach the stool, so it is a light gray or green color
instead of brown. Bilirubin enters the urine and turns it dark, and gets into the skin and mucous membranes,
making them yellow.
Question: What patient laboratory test result would the nurse check for evidence of liver
disease/hepatoxicity/impairment?
Correct Answer: Liver Function Test (LFT)
Question: How are rectal medications administered?
Correct Answer: Correct technique for administering rectal medications: -Check for health problems that
make this route undesirable or contraindicated--diarrhea, trauma, surgery, or broken skin or history of
vasovagal reactions (slowed heart rate and dilation of blood vessels, which can lead to fainting, sometimes
called syncope). -Bring drug, water-soluble lubrication, disposable gloves to bedside -Assist patient to left
Sims' position -Protect privacy, explain procedure -Put on gloves, unwrap drug, lubricate drug and finger -
Ask patient to relax and take slow deep breaths (do not have them bear down) -Push pointed end of
medication into rectum, with finger, no more than 1 inch -Remind patient to remain on side for at least 20
minutes if possible
Question: Why is administering aspirin (ASA) contraindicated in children?
, Correct Answer: Aspirin is associated with a disorder known as Reye's syndrome when given to a child
who has a viral infection. It is not recommended to be given to anyone under 18 years of age
Question: What factors influence the size and severity of inflammation?
Correct Answer: The size and severity of inflammation depends on intensity, severity, duration, and extent
of the injury or invasion
Question: How do opioid analgesics work?
Correct Answer: Work by binding to opioid receptor sites in the brain (CNS) and other areas and alter
perception of pain (do nothing to change the cause or transmission of pain)
Question: What is the most effective way for a nurse to assess a patient's pain level?
Correct Answer: Assessing patient's pain is first step in achieving goal of pain relief by asking pt to rate
their pain by using NRS, Faces, or FLACC Pain Scales
Question: What are the side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
Correct Answer: Side effects—bleeding, GI ulcers, GI pain, fluid retention, hypertension
Question: What is an opportunistic infection?
Correct Answer: Type of infections that cause disease and tissue damage only in someone whose immune
system is not working well (immunosuppressed)
Question: What are the adverse effects of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim antibiotics?
Correct Answer: -Suppression of bone marrow cell division Stevens-Johnson syndrome -These antibiotics
are more likely to cause any type of skin reaction
Question: What do the terms peak and trough refer to?
Correct Answer: Generally ordered for patients receiving certain IV medications •Trough-measurement of
the drug level in the bloodstream just before it is given- lowest level of the drug in the patient's blood stream
•measured 30 minutes before the next dose of medication is administered •Peak-measurement of the drug
level in the bloodstream just after it has been administered and metabolized •Helps the physician determine
the appropriate dose, the appropriate frequency of the medication, and the patient's tolerance of the
treatment •measured 30 minutes after a dose of medication has completely infused
Question: What is a superinfection?
Correct Answer: occurs when the normal flora in the body is destroyed. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are
more likely to cause superinfections because they kill so many different species of microorganisms
Question: What are the s/s of a superinfection?
Correct Answer: may include diarrhea, bladder pain, painful urination, or abnormal vaginal discharge
Question: How do antiviral medications work?
Correct Answer: Slow/suppress their reproduction (viral replication) and growth Antiviral drugs do not
kill viruses
Question: What is the intended purpose of antiviral medications?
Correct Answer: Successful antiretroviral therapy: -Reduces the number of viral particles in the blood
-Increases the CD4+ cell numbers in the blood -Reduction of opportunistic infection -Reduce the spread of
disease by the patient.
Answers
Question: Know the intramuscular (IM) injection sites ,what the maximum fluid volume is for each site,
and the landmarks for each site
Correct Answer: -Deltoid site-maximum amount 1 mL-acronym process -Ventrogluteal site- Preferred site
for adults-maximum amount 3 mL-Anterior Superior Iliac spine and the greater trochanter -Dorsogluteal
site-maximum amount 2 mL-Posterior Superior Iliac Spine and the greater trochanter; least preferred site
due to the proximity of the sciatic nerve -Vastus Lateralis site-preferred site for children--maximum amount
2 mL- anterior middle of thigh
Question: What is the Z tract method of injection and what is the purpose of using it?
Correct Answer: -Insert an intramuscular needle at a 90-degree angle using the Z-track method: Pull skin
to side. Keep the needle in place for about 10 seconds before taking it out. After you've removed the needle,
release your hold on the skin and tissue. -This disrupts the hole that the needle left in the tissues and
prevents the medication from leaking out of the muscle into the subcutaneous tissue.
Question: How can the nurse prevent medication errors?
Correct Answer: -ALWAYS follow the "six rights" and check the 3 "P"s before administering ANY
medication -Check dosage calculations with a coworker -Listen to the patient who questions a drug or
dosage and recheck the order, the drug, and the patient before proceeding -Concentrate on the task at hand
-Avoid distractions and interruptions -Do not substitute one medication for another without provider order
Question: What are the signs and symptoms of liver disease/hepatoxicity/impairment?
Correct Answer: -yellowing (jaundice) of the skin, the whites of the eyes, and the roof of the mouth -pain
over the liver on the right side just below the ribs -darkened urine -pale gray-colored stools. The bile and
bilirubin made by the liver usually leave the body in the stool, giving it a medium to dark brown color.
When the liver is not working well, these products do not reach the stool, so it is a light gray or green color
instead of brown. Bilirubin enters the urine and turns it dark, and gets into the skin and mucous membranes,
making them yellow.
Question: What patient laboratory test result would the nurse check for evidence of liver
disease/hepatoxicity/impairment?
Correct Answer: Liver Function Test (LFT)
Question: How are rectal medications administered?
Correct Answer: Correct technique for administering rectal medications: -Check for health problems that
make this route undesirable or contraindicated--diarrhea, trauma, surgery, or broken skin or history of
vasovagal reactions (slowed heart rate and dilation of blood vessels, which can lead to fainting, sometimes
called syncope). -Bring drug, water-soluble lubrication, disposable gloves to bedside -Assist patient to left
Sims' position -Protect privacy, explain procedure -Put on gloves, unwrap drug, lubricate drug and finger -
Ask patient to relax and take slow deep breaths (do not have them bear down) -Push pointed end of
medication into rectum, with finger, no more than 1 inch -Remind patient to remain on side for at least 20
minutes if possible
Question: Why is administering aspirin (ASA) contraindicated in children?
, Correct Answer: Aspirin is associated with a disorder known as Reye's syndrome when given to a child
who has a viral infection. It is not recommended to be given to anyone under 18 years of age
Question: What factors influence the size and severity of inflammation?
Correct Answer: The size and severity of inflammation depends on intensity, severity, duration, and extent
of the injury or invasion
Question: How do opioid analgesics work?
Correct Answer: Work by binding to opioid receptor sites in the brain (CNS) and other areas and alter
perception of pain (do nothing to change the cause or transmission of pain)
Question: What is the most effective way for a nurse to assess a patient's pain level?
Correct Answer: Assessing patient's pain is first step in achieving goal of pain relief by asking pt to rate
their pain by using NRS, Faces, or FLACC Pain Scales
Question: What are the side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
Correct Answer: Side effects—bleeding, GI ulcers, GI pain, fluid retention, hypertension
Question: What is an opportunistic infection?
Correct Answer: Type of infections that cause disease and tissue damage only in someone whose immune
system is not working well (immunosuppressed)
Question: What are the adverse effects of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim antibiotics?
Correct Answer: -Suppression of bone marrow cell division Stevens-Johnson syndrome -These antibiotics
are more likely to cause any type of skin reaction
Question: What do the terms peak and trough refer to?
Correct Answer: Generally ordered for patients receiving certain IV medications •Trough-measurement of
the drug level in the bloodstream just before it is given- lowest level of the drug in the patient's blood stream
•measured 30 minutes before the next dose of medication is administered •Peak-measurement of the drug
level in the bloodstream just after it has been administered and metabolized •Helps the physician determine
the appropriate dose, the appropriate frequency of the medication, and the patient's tolerance of the
treatment •measured 30 minutes after a dose of medication has completely infused
Question: What is a superinfection?
Correct Answer: occurs when the normal flora in the body is destroyed. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are
more likely to cause superinfections because they kill so many different species of microorganisms
Question: What are the s/s of a superinfection?
Correct Answer: may include diarrhea, bladder pain, painful urination, or abnormal vaginal discharge
Question: How do antiviral medications work?
Correct Answer: Slow/suppress their reproduction (viral replication) and growth Antiviral drugs do not
kill viruses
Question: What is the intended purpose of antiviral medications?
Correct Answer: Successful antiretroviral therapy: -Reduces the number of viral particles in the blood
-Increases the CD4+ cell numbers in the blood -Reduction of opportunistic infection -Reduce the spread of
disease by the patient.
