NSG5140 Week 5 Midterm Exam Due 30th September
Complete Actual Exam Questions 1- 50 Screenshots NSG
5140 Advanced Pathophysiology NSG5140 Online Exam
Requires Respondus Lockdown Browser + Webcam Exam
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A
The NSG 5140 Week 5 Midterm Exam for Advanced Pathophysiology at South
College is a comprehensive assessment designed to evaluate graduate-level nursing
students' mastery of pathophysiological concepts essential for advanced practice
nursing. This exam is administered online and requires Respondus Lockdown Browser
+ Webcam proctoring.
Exam Format:
• Total Questions: 50
• Format: Multiple-choice, single-best-answer
• Content Areas: Cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation and wound healing,
fluid/electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, genetic disorders, neoplasia,
immunopathology, and system-specific alterations (cardiovascular, respiratory,
renal, endocrine)
QUESTIONS 1–50 WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS & RATIONALES
SECTION 1: CELLULAR ADAPTATION, INJURY, & DEATH
(Questions 1–8)
,Question 1
A patient with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular wall thickening. Which
mechanism best explains this adaptation?
• A) Hyperplasia of cardiac myocytes
• B) Hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes
• C) Metaplasia of cardiac tissue
• D) Dysplasia of cardiac cells
Correct Answer: B) Hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes
Rationale: Cardiac myocytes are unable to divide (hyperplasia). The increased workload
from hypertension causes individual myocytes to enlarge (hypertrophy), resulting in left
ventricular wall thickening. This is a compensatory adaptation to maintain cardiac
output against increased afterload.
Question 2
Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of cellular injury in
hypoxia?
• A) Increased ATP production
• B) Decreased ATP production with failure of the Na⁺-K⁺ pump
• C) Increased intracellular calcium excretion
• D) Activation of DNA repair mechanisms
Correct Answer: B) Decreased ATP production with failure of the Na⁺-K⁺ pump
Rationale: Hypoxia reduces oxidative phosphorylation, decreasing ATP production. The
Na⁺-K⁺ pump fails, leading to intracellular sodium accumulation, cellular swelling, and
ultimately cell death. This is the hallmark of ischemic injury.
, Question 3
A patient who smokes cigarettes develops squamous cell metaplasia in the bronchial
epithelium. Which of the following best describes this process?
• A) An increase in the number of cells
• B) A decrease in cell size
• C) Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another
• D) Abnormal cell growth with loss of tissue architecture
Correct Answer: C) Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with
another. In smokers, the normal ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is
replaced by stratified squamous epithelium as an adaptive response to chronic irritation.
Question 4
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops right-sided heart
failure. Which of the following best explains this pathophysiology?
• A) Increased left ventricular workload
• B) Pulmonary hypertension due to hypoxic vasoconstriction
• C) Decreased systemic vascular resistance
• D) Increased cardiac contractility
Correct Answer: B) Pulmonary hypertension due to hypoxic vasoconstriction
Rationale: In COPD, chronic hypoxia leads to pulmonary vasoconstriction, increasing
pulmonary vascular resistance and causing right ventricular hypertrophy and failure (cor
pulmonale).
Complete Actual Exam Questions 1- 50 Screenshots NSG
5140 Advanced Pathophysiology NSG5140 Online Exam
Requires Respondus Lockdown Browser + Webcam Exam
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A
The NSG 5140 Week 5 Midterm Exam for Advanced Pathophysiology at South
College is a comprehensive assessment designed to evaluate graduate-level nursing
students' mastery of pathophysiological concepts essential for advanced practice
nursing. This exam is administered online and requires Respondus Lockdown Browser
+ Webcam proctoring.
Exam Format:
• Total Questions: 50
• Format: Multiple-choice, single-best-answer
• Content Areas: Cellular adaptation and injury, inflammation and wound healing,
fluid/electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, genetic disorders, neoplasia,
immunopathology, and system-specific alterations (cardiovascular, respiratory,
renal, endocrine)
QUESTIONS 1–50 WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS & RATIONALES
SECTION 1: CELLULAR ADAPTATION, INJURY, & DEATH
(Questions 1–8)
,Question 1
A patient with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular wall thickening. Which
mechanism best explains this adaptation?
• A) Hyperplasia of cardiac myocytes
• B) Hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes
• C) Metaplasia of cardiac tissue
• D) Dysplasia of cardiac cells
Correct Answer: B) Hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes
Rationale: Cardiac myocytes are unable to divide (hyperplasia). The increased workload
from hypertension causes individual myocytes to enlarge (hypertrophy), resulting in left
ventricular wall thickening. This is a compensatory adaptation to maintain cardiac
output against increased afterload.
Question 2
Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of cellular injury in
hypoxia?
• A) Increased ATP production
• B) Decreased ATP production with failure of the Na⁺-K⁺ pump
• C) Increased intracellular calcium excretion
• D) Activation of DNA repair mechanisms
Correct Answer: B) Decreased ATP production with failure of the Na⁺-K⁺ pump
Rationale: Hypoxia reduces oxidative phosphorylation, decreasing ATP production. The
Na⁺-K⁺ pump fails, leading to intracellular sodium accumulation, cellular swelling, and
ultimately cell death. This is the hallmark of ischemic injury.
, Question 3
A patient who smokes cigarettes develops squamous cell metaplasia in the bronchial
epithelium. Which of the following best describes this process?
• A) An increase in the number of cells
• B) A decrease in cell size
• C) Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another
• D) Abnormal cell growth with loss of tissue architecture
Correct Answer: C) Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with
another. In smokers, the normal ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is
replaced by stratified squamous epithelium as an adaptive response to chronic irritation.
Question 4
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops right-sided heart
failure. Which of the following best explains this pathophysiology?
• A) Increased left ventricular workload
• B) Pulmonary hypertension due to hypoxic vasoconstriction
• C) Decreased systemic vascular resistance
• D) Increased cardiac contractility
Correct Answer: B) Pulmonary hypertension due to hypoxic vasoconstriction
Rationale: In COPD, chronic hypoxia leads to pulmonary vasoconstriction, increasing
pulmonary vascular resistance and causing right ventricular hypertrophy and failure (cor
pulmonale).
