BIO
,D 152 Module 7 Exam | Essential Human Anatomy
& Physiology II w/lab | Portage Learning | Q & A |
1. Which of the following best describes the primary function of the urinary system?
A) To transport oxygen to the body's tissues
B) To filter blood and remove metabolic wastes, while regulating fluid and electrolyte balance
C) To produce digestive enzymes for nutrient breakdown
D) To secrete hormones that regulate blood glucose levels
Correct Answer: To filter blood and remove metabolic wastes, while regulating fluid and electrolyte
balance
Rationale: The urinary system's primary functions are to filter blood, remove metabolic wastes (such as
urea and creatinine) from the body, and regulate fluid volume, electrolyte balance, and acid-base
homeostasis. It does not transport oxygen, produce digestive enzymes, or directly regulate blood
glucose.
2. The kidneys are located in which region of the body?
A) Thoracic cavity
B) Lumbar region, between T-12 and L-3
C) Pelvic cavity
D) Abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm
Correct Answer: Lumbar region, between T-12 and L-3
Rationale: The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs located in the lumbar region, protected by the rib
cage. They lie between the T-12 and L-3 vertebrae, with the right kidney slightly lower than the left due
to the position of the liver.
3. True or False: The kidneys are long, thin, muscular tubes.
A) True
,B) False
Correct Answer: False
Rationale: The kidneys are bean-shaped, solid organs composed of soft tissue. The long, thin muscular
tubes described are the ureters, which transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
4. A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level, with no spinal cord injury. Would
you suspect the kidneys to be damaged?
A) Yes, because the kidneys are located between T-1 and T-5
B) No, because the kidneys lie between the T-12 and L-3 vertebrae
C) Yes, because the kidneys are located at the L-5 level
D) No, because the kidneys are protected entirely by the rib cage
Correct Answer: No, because the kidneys lie between the T-12 and L-3 vertebrae
Rationale: The kidneys are located in the lumbar region between the T-12 and L-3 vertebrae. Trauma at
the T5 level is too high and would not directly affect the kidneys, as they are situated lower in the back.
5. Which layer of the kidney is a tough, fibrous outer layer that protects it from injury and infection?
A) Adipose capsule
B) Renal fascia
C) Renal capsule
D) Renal cortex
Correct Answer: Renal capsule
Rationale: The renal capsule is the innermost protective layer, a tough fibrous membrane that directly
surrounds the kidney and protects it from injury and infection. The adipose capsule provides cushioning,
and the renal fascia anchors the kidney in place.
, 6. Which structure is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from trauma?
A) Renal capsule
B) Adipose capsule
C) Renal fascia
D) Renal pelvis
Correct Answer: Adipose capsule
Rationale: The adipose capsule is a fatty layer located outside the renal capsule. Its primary purpose is to
protect the kidney from trauma by providing cushioning against physical impacts.
7. Which dense fibrous connective tissue layer keeps the kidney in place inside the abdominal cavity?
A) Renal capsule
B) Adipose capsule
C) Renal fascia
D) Renal hilus
Correct Answer: Renal fascia
Rationale: The renal fascia is the outermost layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the
kidney to surrounding structures and keeps it in place within the abdominal cavity.
8. What is the name of the concave cleft on the medial surface of the kidney where blood vessels,
nerves, and the ureter enter and exit?
A) Renal sinus
B) Renal hilus
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal cortex
,D 152 Module 7 Exam | Essential Human Anatomy
& Physiology II w/lab | Portage Learning | Q & A |
1. Which of the following best describes the primary function of the urinary system?
A) To transport oxygen to the body's tissues
B) To filter blood and remove metabolic wastes, while regulating fluid and electrolyte balance
C) To produce digestive enzymes for nutrient breakdown
D) To secrete hormones that regulate blood glucose levels
Correct Answer: To filter blood and remove metabolic wastes, while regulating fluid and electrolyte
balance
Rationale: The urinary system's primary functions are to filter blood, remove metabolic wastes (such as
urea and creatinine) from the body, and regulate fluid volume, electrolyte balance, and acid-base
homeostasis. It does not transport oxygen, produce digestive enzymes, or directly regulate blood
glucose.
2. The kidneys are located in which region of the body?
A) Thoracic cavity
B) Lumbar region, between T-12 and L-3
C) Pelvic cavity
D) Abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm
Correct Answer: Lumbar region, between T-12 and L-3
Rationale: The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs located in the lumbar region, protected by the rib
cage. They lie between the T-12 and L-3 vertebrae, with the right kidney slightly lower than the left due
to the position of the liver.
3. True or False: The kidneys are long, thin, muscular tubes.
A) True
,B) False
Correct Answer: False
Rationale: The kidneys are bean-shaped, solid organs composed of soft tissue. The long, thin muscular
tubes described are the ureters, which transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
4. A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level, with no spinal cord injury. Would
you suspect the kidneys to be damaged?
A) Yes, because the kidneys are located between T-1 and T-5
B) No, because the kidneys lie between the T-12 and L-3 vertebrae
C) Yes, because the kidneys are located at the L-5 level
D) No, because the kidneys are protected entirely by the rib cage
Correct Answer: No, because the kidneys lie between the T-12 and L-3 vertebrae
Rationale: The kidneys are located in the lumbar region between the T-12 and L-3 vertebrae. Trauma at
the T5 level is too high and would not directly affect the kidneys, as they are situated lower in the back.
5. Which layer of the kidney is a tough, fibrous outer layer that protects it from injury and infection?
A) Adipose capsule
B) Renal fascia
C) Renal capsule
D) Renal cortex
Correct Answer: Renal capsule
Rationale: The renal capsule is the innermost protective layer, a tough fibrous membrane that directly
surrounds the kidney and protects it from injury and infection. The adipose capsule provides cushioning,
and the renal fascia anchors the kidney in place.
, 6. Which structure is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from trauma?
A) Renal capsule
B) Adipose capsule
C) Renal fascia
D) Renal pelvis
Correct Answer: Adipose capsule
Rationale: The adipose capsule is a fatty layer located outside the renal capsule. Its primary purpose is to
protect the kidney from trauma by providing cushioning against physical impacts.
7. Which dense fibrous connective tissue layer keeps the kidney in place inside the abdominal cavity?
A) Renal capsule
B) Adipose capsule
C) Renal fascia
D) Renal hilus
Correct Answer: Renal fascia
Rationale: The renal fascia is the outermost layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the
kidney to surrounding structures and keeps it in place within the abdominal cavity.
8. What is the name of the concave cleft on the medial surface of the kidney where blood vessels,
nerves, and the ureter enter and exit?
A) Renal sinus
B) Renal hilus
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal cortex
