SPCE 630 CORRECT TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔selecting behaviors of equal difficulty - ✔✔a convincing method is an experimental
evaluation of the difficulty of behavior sets/chains. this is done by teaching behaviors to
non participant individuals who are similar to participants who will be recruited for the
actual study using the same intervention.
another method is to evaluate participants' performance on related behaviors.
✔✔AATD - ✔✔has three sequentially implemented conditions. the first is an initial probe
(baseline) condition in which all behavior sets/chains are assessed in multiple sessions.
at least three baseline sessions are needed. initial probe condition sessions should be
as long. the second experimental condition is a comparison condition in which the
instructional strategies are applied to their respective assigned behavior sets/chains in
alternating sessions. the final study condition is a probe condition in which all behavior
sets/chains are assessed, including the control set/chain.
AATDS are appropriate for evaluating intervention comparisons for non reversible
behaviors.
✔✔parallel treatment designs - ✔✔devised to compare instructional practices with non
reversible behaviors. it can be conceptualized as two concurrently operating multiple
probe designs- one instructional strategy is evaluated with one multiple probe design,
and the second is evaluated with another multiple probe design
useful when comparing interventions for teaching functional, developmental, and
academic behaviors. you should identify three or more behavior sets/chains for each
instructional strategy being compared.
✔✔changing criterion design - ✔✔this may be appropriate for practitioners and applied
researchers who wish to evaluate instructional or therapy programs that require gradual,
stepwise changes in behavior. this design can be used to increase or decrease
behaviors already in a participants' repertoire.
, ✔✔simultaneous treatments design - ✔✔have purpose of describing choice behavior
when two concurrently available conditions exist. researchers can use this design when
two or more options are simultaneously available and when a participants' choice
between the options is of interest.
these designs should be used when choice behavior is the dependent variable of
interest.
✔✔repeated acquisition designs - ✔✔one of the few SCDs appropriate for comparing
interventions for teaching non reversible behaviors. used when the behaviors of interest
will be quickly acquired by the participant, and when two interventions are being
compared. when using this design, many behaviors should be identified.
✔✔brief experimental design - ✔✔a group of SCDs that are variations of commonly
used designs, specifically withdrawal and alternating treatments design. the BE design
requires fewer sessions. BE design may be preferable to the more usual Multi element
designs when evaluating the results of a functional analysis by decreasing the
probability of problem behavior associated with an extended multi element design
✔✔combination designs - ✔✔common practice by researchers interested in the
functional analysis of challenging behavior has been to combine an alternating
treatments design with an ABA design.
the decision to combine two SCDs should be made after recognition of the experimental
analysis limitations of using one design alone and the advantages of combining two
designs.
✔✔synthesizing - ✔✔reviewing results of similar studies and drawing broad conclusions
about the state of the evidence. one way to synthesize outcomes is via meta analysis,
which is a technique for encoding and analyzing the statistics that summarize research
findings as they are typically presented in research reports.
✔✔purpose of summative evaluation of outcomes - ✔✔been conducted with the
purpose of combining outcomes across multiple studies. the best summative evaluation
of outcomes in a single study is a thorough and systematic explanation of a thorough
and systematic visual analysis procedure.
✔✔narrative reviews - ✔✔reviews based on common or uncommon elements of works
without concern for research methods, designs, or settings; traditional literature review.
✔✔literature search - ✔✔after identifying research questions, it is essential to conduct
an exhaustive search of the literature to identify all relevant studies and to accurately
document these procedures.
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔selecting behaviors of equal difficulty - ✔✔a convincing method is an experimental
evaluation of the difficulty of behavior sets/chains. this is done by teaching behaviors to
non participant individuals who are similar to participants who will be recruited for the
actual study using the same intervention.
another method is to evaluate participants' performance on related behaviors.
✔✔AATD - ✔✔has three sequentially implemented conditions. the first is an initial probe
(baseline) condition in which all behavior sets/chains are assessed in multiple sessions.
at least three baseline sessions are needed. initial probe condition sessions should be
as long. the second experimental condition is a comparison condition in which the
instructional strategies are applied to their respective assigned behavior sets/chains in
alternating sessions. the final study condition is a probe condition in which all behavior
sets/chains are assessed, including the control set/chain.
AATDS are appropriate for evaluating intervention comparisons for non reversible
behaviors.
✔✔parallel treatment designs - ✔✔devised to compare instructional practices with non
reversible behaviors. it can be conceptualized as two concurrently operating multiple
probe designs- one instructional strategy is evaluated with one multiple probe design,
and the second is evaluated with another multiple probe design
useful when comparing interventions for teaching functional, developmental, and
academic behaviors. you should identify three or more behavior sets/chains for each
instructional strategy being compared.
✔✔changing criterion design - ✔✔this may be appropriate for practitioners and applied
researchers who wish to evaluate instructional or therapy programs that require gradual,
stepwise changes in behavior. this design can be used to increase or decrease
behaviors already in a participants' repertoire.
, ✔✔simultaneous treatments design - ✔✔have purpose of describing choice behavior
when two concurrently available conditions exist. researchers can use this design when
two or more options are simultaneously available and when a participants' choice
between the options is of interest.
these designs should be used when choice behavior is the dependent variable of
interest.
✔✔repeated acquisition designs - ✔✔one of the few SCDs appropriate for comparing
interventions for teaching non reversible behaviors. used when the behaviors of interest
will be quickly acquired by the participant, and when two interventions are being
compared. when using this design, many behaviors should be identified.
✔✔brief experimental design - ✔✔a group of SCDs that are variations of commonly
used designs, specifically withdrawal and alternating treatments design. the BE design
requires fewer sessions. BE design may be preferable to the more usual Multi element
designs when evaluating the results of a functional analysis by decreasing the
probability of problem behavior associated with an extended multi element design
✔✔combination designs - ✔✔common practice by researchers interested in the
functional analysis of challenging behavior has been to combine an alternating
treatments design with an ABA design.
the decision to combine two SCDs should be made after recognition of the experimental
analysis limitations of using one design alone and the advantages of combining two
designs.
✔✔synthesizing - ✔✔reviewing results of similar studies and drawing broad conclusions
about the state of the evidence. one way to synthesize outcomes is via meta analysis,
which is a technique for encoding and analyzing the statistics that summarize research
findings as they are typically presented in research reports.
✔✔purpose of summative evaluation of outcomes - ✔✔been conducted with the
purpose of combining outcomes across multiple studies. the best summative evaluation
of outcomes in a single study is a thorough and systematic explanation of a thorough
and systematic visual analysis procedure.
✔✔narrative reviews - ✔✔reviews based on common or uncommon elements of works
without concern for research methods, designs, or settings; traditional literature review.
✔✔literature search - ✔✔after identifying research questions, it is essential to conduct
an exhaustive search of the literature to identify all relevant studies and to accurately
document these procedures.
