NUTR 331 ACTUAL EXAMS SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Why are whole grains considered more nutrient-dense than enriched grains? -
✔✔Whole grains contain more fiber and certain vitamins.
✔✔What percentage of body weight does water constitute? - ✔✔~50-60%.
✔✔What are the key functions of water in the body? - ✔✔Temperature regulation,
nutrient transport, waste elimination, joint lubrication, and chemical reactions.
✔✔What is the daily water requirement for adult women? - ✔✔Approximately 2.7 liters.
✔✔What is the daily sodium requirement for adults? - ✔✔About 1,500 mg, with an
upper limit of 2,300 mg.
✔✔What health risks are associated with excess sodium intake? - ✔✔Hypertension,
cardiovascular diseases, and kidney strain.
✔✔What is the daily potassium requirement for adults? - ✔✔Around 4,700 mg.
✔✔What are major food sources of potassium? - ✔✔Bananas, oranges, potatoes,
spinach, lentils, beans, milk, and yogurt.
✔✔What factors affect calcium absorption? - ✔✔Vitamin D levels, age, dietary fiber, and
the presence of other minerals.
✔✔What is osteoporosis characterized by? - ✔✔Low bone density and increased
fracture risk.
✔✔What role does iron play in the body? - ✔✔Oxygen transport, energy production,
and immune function.
,✔✔What can iron deficiency lead to? - ✔✔Anemia, fatigue, and impaired immune
function.
✔✔What is the recommended approach to vitamin and mineral supplements? - ✔✔Use
them cautiously, preferring whole foods for nutrient intake.
✔✔What is the impact of low potassium levels? - ✔✔Muscle weakness, cramps, and
increased risk of irregular heartbeats.
✔✔What is the importance of dietary fiber in whole grains? - ✔✔It contributes to
digestive health and helps prevent chronic diseases.
✔✔What vitamin is essential for calcium absorption? - ✔✔Vitamin D
✔✔What dietary components can inhibit calcium absorption? - ✔✔Oxalates and
phytates found in spinach and grains
✔✔What are primary dietary sources of calcium? - ✔✔Dairy products like milk, cheese,
and yogurt
✔✔Name a non-dairy source of calcium. - ✔✔Leafy greens such as kale and broccoli
✔✔What condition is characterized by low bone mass and porous bones? -
✔✔Osteoporosis
✔✔What are significant risk factors for osteoporosis? - ✔✔Aging, postmenopausal
status, and low calcium/vitamin D intake
✔✔How does physical activity influence bone health? - ✔✔Weight-bearing exercises
increase bone density and reduce fracture risk
✔✔What role do trace minerals play in health? - ✔✔They are essential nutrients
required in small amounts for various bodily functions
✔✔What is a common deficiency associated with iron? - ✔✔Iron-deficiency anemia
✔✔What enhances iron absorption? - ✔✔Vitamin C and heme iron from animal sources
✔✔What are common symptoms of iron deficiency? - ✔✔Fatigue, weakness, pale skin,
and reduced immune function
✔✔What is the difference between heme and non-heme iron? - ✔✔Heme iron is better
absorbed and found in animal products, while non-heme iron is found in plant sources
, ✔✔What is the acceptable daily intake of sodium for most individuals? -
✔✔Approximately 1500 mg, with an upper target of 2300 mg
✔✔What are major dietary sources of sodium? - ✔✔Processed foods such as cheeses,
breads, and cured meats
✔✔What are the health risks associated with high sodium intake? - ✔✔Hypertension,
increased risk of coronary heart disease, and stroke
✔✔What is the role of potassium in the body? - ✔✔Maintaining fluid balance, supporting
muscle function, and regulating heartbeat
✔✔What are rich dietary sources of potassium? - ✔✔Unprocessed foods like
vegetables, fruits, legumes, and dairy products
✔✔What can low potassium intake lead to? - ✔✔Higher blood pressure and increased
cardiovascular risks
✔✔What are the risks of overusing supplements? - ✔✔Toxicity, especially from fat-
soluble vitamins and certain minerals
✔✔What dietary factors can worsen bone density? - ✔✔Excess sodium and caffeine
✔✔What enhances calcium absorption in the diet? - ✔✔The presence of lactose and
adequate vitamin D levels
✔✔What is the impact of inactivity on bone health? - ✔✔Inactivity leads to calcium loss
and decreased bone density
✔✔What are the dietary recommendations for maintaining bone health? - ✔✔Adequate
intake of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, and potassium
✔✔What is the significance of trace minerals like iron and zinc? - ✔✔They are crucial
for oxygen transport, immune function, and antioxidant defense
✔✔What is a common dietary source of heme iron? - ✔✔Red meat, poultry, and fish
✔✔What is the effect of high phosphorus intake on calcium absorption? - ✔✔It can
decrease calcium absorption
✔✔What lifestyle choices can contribute to osteoporosis? - ✔✔Inadequate calcium and
vitamin D intake, inactivity, and poor dietary habits
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Why are whole grains considered more nutrient-dense than enriched grains? -
✔✔Whole grains contain more fiber and certain vitamins.
✔✔What percentage of body weight does water constitute? - ✔✔~50-60%.
✔✔What are the key functions of water in the body? - ✔✔Temperature regulation,
nutrient transport, waste elimination, joint lubrication, and chemical reactions.
✔✔What is the daily water requirement for adult women? - ✔✔Approximately 2.7 liters.
✔✔What is the daily sodium requirement for adults? - ✔✔About 1,500 mg, with an
upper limit of 2,300 mg.
✔✔What health risks are associated with excess sodium intake? - ✔✔Hypertension,
cardiovascular diseases, and kidney strain.
✔✔What is the daily potassium requirement for adults? - ✔✔Around 4,700 mg.
✔✔What are major food sources of potassium? - ✔✔Bananas, oranges, potatoes,
spinach, lentils, beans, milk, and yogurt.
✔✔What factors affect calcium absorption? - ✔✔Vitamin D levels, age, dietary fiber, and
the presence of other minerals.
✔✔What is osteoporosis characterized by? - ✔✔Low bone density and increased
fracture risk.
✔✔What role does iron play in the body? - ✔✔Oxygen transport, energy production,
and immune function.
,✔✔What can iron deficiency lead to? - ✔✔Anemia, fatigue, and impaired immune
function.
✔✔What is the recommended approach to vitamin and mineral supplements? - ✔✔Use
them cautiously, preferring whole foods for nutrient intake.
✔✔What is the impact of low potassium levels? - ✔✔Muscle weakness, cramps, and
increased risk of irregular heartbeats.
✔✔What is the importance of dietary fiber in whole grains? - ✔✔It contributes to
digestive health and helps prevent chronic diseases.
✔✔What vitamin is essential for calcium absorption? - ✔✔Vitamin D
✔✔What dietary components can inhibit calcium absorption? - ✔✔Oxalates and
phytates found in spinach and grains
✔✔What are primary dietary sources of calcium? - ✔✔Dairy products like milk, cheese,
and yogurt
✔✔Name a non-dairy source of calcium. - ✔✔Leafy greens such as kale and broccoli
✔✔What condition is characterized by low bone mass and porous bones? -
✔✔Osteoporosis
✔✔What are significant risk factors for osteoporosis? - ✔✔Aging, postmenopausal
status, and low calcium/vitamin D intake
✔✔How does physical activity influence bone health? - ✔✔Weight-bearing exercises
increase bone density and reduce fracture risk
✔✔What role do trace minerals play in health? - ✔✔They are essential nutrients
required in small amounts for various bodily functions
✔✔What is a common deficiency associated with iron? - ✔✔Iron-deficiency anemia
✔✔What enhances iron absorption? - ✔✔Vitamin C and heme iron from animal sources
✔✔What are common symptoms of iron deficiency? - ✔✔Fatigue, weakness, pale skin,
and reduced immune function
✔✔What is the difference between heme and non-heme iron? - ✔✔Heme iron is better
absorbed and found in animal products, while non-heme iron is found in plant sources
, ✔✔What is the acceptable daily intake of sodium for most individuals? -
✔✔Approximately 1500 mg, with an upper target of 2300 mg
✔✔What are major dietary sources of sodium? - ✔✔Processed foods such as cheeses,
breads, and cured meats
✔✔What are the health risks associated with high sodium intake? - ✔✔Hypertension,
increased risk of coronary heart disease, and stroke
✔✔What is the role of potassium in the body? - ✔✔Maintaining fluid balance, supporting
muscle function, and regulating heartbeat
✔✔What are rich dietary sources of potassium? - ✔✔Unprocessed foods like
vegetables, fruits, legumes, and dairy products
✔✔What can low potassium intake lead to? - ✔✔Higher blood pressure and increased
cardiovascular risks
✔✔What are the risks of overusing supplements? - ✔✔Toxicity, especially from fat-
soluble vitamins and certain minerals
✔✔What dietary factors can worsen bone density? - ✔✔Excess sodium and caffeine
✔✔What enhances calcium absorption in the diet? - ✔✔The presence of lactose and
adequate vitamin D levels
✔✔What is the impact of inactivity on bone health? - ✔✔Inactivity leads to calcium loss
and decreased bone density
✔✔What are the dietary recommendations for maintaining bone health? - ✔✔Adequate
intake of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, and potassium
✔✔What is the significance of trace minerals like iron and zinc? - ✔✔They are crucial
for oxygen transport, immune function, and antioxidant defense
✔✔What is a common dietary source of heme iron? - ✔✔Red meat, poultry, and fish
✔✔What is the effect of high phosphorus intake on calcium absorption? - ✔✔It can
decrease calcium absorption
✔✔What lifestyle choices can contribute to osteoporosis? - ✔✔Inadequate calcium and
vitamin D intake, inactivity, and poor dietary habits
